Nanoparticles solvothermal synthesis

Solvothermal Synthesis of Photocatalytic TiO Nanoparticles Capable of Killing Escherichia coli... 

We have developed the solvothermal synthesis as a convenient approach for controlling morphology, by which non-oxides nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, one-dimensional nanomaterials and those with very special shapes have been fabricated, which include nano-metered tubes, rods, wires, balls, hollow spheres and peanut-like nanostructures, etc. 

Yang, Y., Matsubara, S., Xiong, L., Hayakawa, T. and Nogami, M. (2007). Solvothermal synthesis of multiple shapes of silver nanoparticles and their SERS properties. J. Phys. Chem. C 111 9095-9104. 

Hong et al. have reported a simple, single step solvothermal synthesis of CZTS nanocrystals from corresponding metal halides, thiourea and polyvinylpyrollidine (PVP). The solvothermal reaction was carried out at 180 °C for 30 hours. Nanoparticles thus obtained had a tetragonal crystallographic structure with size ranging from 4 to 7 nm. mthesis of less than 10 nm CZTS nanocrystals by solvothermal reaction at 180 °C for 15 hours has also been reported by Matthew and co-workers. ... 

Young CZ, Wang GL. Solvothermal synthesis of CdO hollow nanostructures from Cd02 nanoparticles. Mater Lett 2008 62(4/5) 673-7. 

The solvothermal synthesis of Fe and Ni nanoparticles have also been reported. Fe can be prepared by reacting Fe(acac)3 orFe(acac)2with 85% NjHjOH in the presence of poly-(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone). The reaction was carried out in a... 

We are aware of only one publication where a solvothermal synthesis method has been used for the preparation of upconverting LaP04 Ybjir nanorods [22], This pubhcation is outstanding because beyond being unique in terms of the synthesis method, it is the only one showing a preparatimi method for upconverting nanorods and core/shell nanoparticles. 

Another interesting aspect of the solvothermal synthesis of LaP04 YbJir nanocrystals includes the fact that this method allows for the synthesis of anisotropic particles. Ghosh et al. trace the anisotropic growth back to a diffusion model, whereas the surfactant cetyltriammonium bromide (CTAB) blocks certain crystallographic faces of the nuclei selectively [22]. It has to be mentioned that Ghosh et al. have calcined their particles at 900°C, which removed all ligands from the particles surfaces. However, colloidal nanoparticles can be prepared by solvothermal synthesis methods as well. 

Ramulifho T, Ozoemena KI, Modibedi RM, Jafta CJ, Mathe MK (2012) Fast microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of metal nanoparticles (Pd, Ni, Sn) supported on sulfonated MWCNTs Pd-based bimetallic catalysts for ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium. 

The term upconversion describes an effect [1] related to the emission of anti-Stokes fluorescence in the visible spectral range following excitation of certain (doped) luminophores in the near infrared (NIR). It mainly occurs with rare-earth doped solids, but also with doped transition-metal systems and combinations of both [2, 3], and relies on the sequential absorption of two or more NIR photons by the dopants. Following its discovery [1] it has been extensively studied for bulk materials both theoretically and in context with uses in solid-state lasers, infrared quantum counters, lighting or displays, and physical sensors, for example [4, 5]. Substantial efforts also have been made to prepare nanoscale materials that show more efficient upconversion emission. Meanwhile, numerous protocols are available for making nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoplates, and nanotubes. These include thermal decomposition, co-precipitation, solvothermal synthesis, combustion, and sol-gel processes [6], synthesis in liquid-solid-solutions [7, 8], and ionothermal synthesis [9]. Nanocrystal materials include oxides of zirconium and titanium, the fluorides, oxides, phosphates, oxysulfates, and oxyfluoiides of the trivalent lanthanides (Ln ), and similar compounds that may additionally contain alkaline earth ions. Wang and Liu [6] have recently reviewed the theory of upconversion and the common materials and methods used. 

Carpenter MK, Moylan TE, Kukreja RS, Atwan MH, Tessema MM (2012) Solvothermal synthesis of plat-inimi alloy nanoparticles fra- oxygen reduction electrocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 134 8535-8542... 

G. Zhao, J. Wang, X. Peng, Y. Li, X. Yuan, and Y. Ma, Facile solvothermal synthesis of mesostructured Fe O /chitosan nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for pH-responsive drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, Chem Asian J, 9 (2), 546-553, 2013. 

Another way to induce visible-light photocatalytic activity is the chemical bonding of carboxyl groups onto the SrTiOs surface during the microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis in KOH methanol-oleic acid solutions [30]. This behavior was assigned to a dipole layer that induced an attracting potential for electrons inside the SrTiOs nanoparticles. The photocatalysts were tested in the photooxidative decomposition of NO [31]. 

Sulaeman, U., Yin, S., and Sato, T. (2010) Solvothermal synthesis and photocatalytic properties of nitrogen-doped SrTiOa nanoparticles. 

Zhang, Y., Feng, J., Xu, J., Chen, G., and Flong, Z. (2014) Solvothermal synthesis and visible-light driven photocatalytic properties of YFeOs nanoparticles. Integr. Ferroelectr., 151, 108-115. 

Fig. 12 (a) Solvothermal synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles which are stable in organic solvents and aqueous solvents through phase transfer. TEM images reveal monodisperse nanoparticles of 4 nm diameter, (c) A schematic depicting the phase transfer process. 2011 Royal Society of Chemistry. 

Li and co-workers investigated the evolution of the morphology in the solvothermal synthesis of ceria nanoparticles. Rod-like and prism-like Ce(0H)C03 and polygon-like CeOg can be obtained with urea as precipitator. Using the organic base triethanolamine or inorganic NaOH would result in cube-like ceria nanocrystals. 

Rosemary, M. J. and T. Pradeep. 2003. Solvothermal synthesis of silver nanoparticles from thiolates. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 268 (1) 81-84. 

Fast microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of metal nanoparticles (Pd, Ni, Sn) supported on suUbnated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was carried out by Ramulifho et al. (2012). The results showed that the mixed Pd-based catalysts (obtained by simple ultrasonic-mixing of the individual MWCNT-metal nanocomposites) gave better electrocatalytic activity than their alloy nanoparticles (obtained by coreduction of metal salts) or Pd alone. This Pd-based bimetallic catalysts was used for ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium. 

Li, F. Zhang, Z. 2005. Synthesis of high quality CdS nanorods by solvothermal process, and their photoluminescence./. Nanoparticle Research 7 685-689. 

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