Nanoparticle scanning electron microscopy

Figure lO.lOi a) Diagram of the functionalized PHBHV-g-PMAA fibers by silver nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the surface ofb) PHBHV-g-PMAA and c) PHBHV-g-PMAA/Ag microfibrous materials [VER 13b]... 

Otlier fonns of microscopy have been used to evaluate nanocrystals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while having lower resolution tlian TEM, is able to image nanoparticles on bulk surfaces, for direct visualization of... 

The electrochemically formed nanoparticles can be visualized by scanning electron microscopy (Figure 3). At the... 

Nanosized anatase (< 10 nm) and brookite ( 70 run) particles have been successfully synthesized via sonication and hydrothermal methods. Figure 5.1 shows the powder XRD patterns of as-synthesized anatase and brookite nanoparticles. The particle sizes were characterized by XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Fig. 5.2). 

Dubes, A., et al.. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy imaging of solid lipid nanoparticles derived from amphiphihc cyclodextrins. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 55, 279-82, 2003. 

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) seems to have been used only scarcely for the characterization of solid lipid-based nanoparticles [104], This method, however, is routinely applied for the morphological investigation of solid hpid microparticles (e.g., to smdy their shape and surface structure also with respect to alterations in contact with release media) [24,38,39,41,42,80,105]. For investigation, the microparticles are usually dried, and their surface has to be coated with a conductive layer, commonly by sputtering with gold. Unlike TEM, in SEM the specimen is scanned point by point with the electron beam, and secondary electrons that are emitted by the sample surface on irradiation with the electron beam are detected. In this way, a three-dimensional impression of the structures in the sample, or of their surface, respectively, is obtained. 

Fig. 9.3.5 (A) Scanning electron microscopy on concentrated solution of 4.5-nm silver particles ([(Ag) ] = 4 X I0 3 M). Large aggregates on silver multilayers are present. (B) Absorption spectra of free 4.5-nm silver nanoparticles dispersed in hexane before (solid line) leaving a drop on the support, after washing the support with hexane (dashed line), and deposition on the support forming a 3D superlattice (a). ([(Ag) ] = 4 X I0 3 M).

The morphology of silver nanopartilces on the cotton surface and paint samples was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM JSM-6700F, JEOL, Japan). The size and shape of the nanoparticles in solution were determined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (LEO-912-OMEGA, Carl Zeiss, Germany). 

The catalytic activity of Ag/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles immobilized on quartz surfaces was tested for 4-nitro-3-pyrazole carboxylic acid with help from surface plasmon resonance, scanning electron microscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements [1417], The SERS spectra showed that the nitro group reduces to amino group. 

The novel SERS-active substrates were prepared by electrodeposition of Ag nanoparticles in the MWCNTs-based nanocomposites. The formation of Ag-MWCNTs nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The application of the Ag-MWCNTs nanocomposite in SERS was investigated by using rhodamine 6G (R6G). The present methodology demonstrates that the Ag-MWCNTs nanocomposite is suitable for SERS sensor. 

Silver and gold nanoparticles were generated electrochemically and investigated with confocal Raman microscopy. The combination of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with confocal microscopy accompanied by subsequent scanning electron microscopy provided an image of the geometrical stmcture of the Raman spots. 

Bootz, A. Vogel, V. Schubert, D. Kreuter, J. Comparison of scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation for the sizing of poly (butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2004, 57 (2), 369-375. 

Silver nanoparticles were produced using the method of Lee and Meisel [4] and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical absorption... 

Silver films are formed on meso- and macroporous silicon (mejo-PS and macro-PS) by the immersion plating. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the formation of Ag islands along the dendritic structure at the surface of mejo-PS and Ag nanoparticles over the pore walls in the case of macro-PS. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity of Ag-macro-PS substrates appears to be greater in comparison with that for Ag-mcio-PS. 

Another approach to deposit conducting polymers can be achieved by photochemical polymerization of the monomer precursors. This procedure provides a means by which different composites (metals and/or various alloy materials with or without biomolecules) can be deposited from an electrolyte onto a non-conducting surface. Such a procedure was optimized and applied for polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of metal nanoparticles [61]. Photopolymerized films containing metals analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy (SEM) appeared to be typical of amorphous polypyrrole in which bright Ag particles were found on the surface (Fig. 7.6). 

X-ray diffraction technique is a non-destructive analytical technique that reveals information about crystallographic structure, chemical composition and physical properties of nanostructured materials. UV/Vis spectroscopy is routinely used in the quantitative determination of films of nanostructured metal oxides. The size, shape (nanocomb and nanorods etc,) and arrangement of the nanoparticles can be observed through transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies. Surface morphology of nanostructured metal oxides can be observed in atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. 

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