Nanoparticle internal structure

PbS inclusions in PPX matrix regardless of their internal structure. The size distribution of PbS inclusions calculated from SAXS data are similar to the WAXS crystallite size distribution in Figure 10.5. This result signifies that PbS nanoparticles do not aggregate in matrix but are distributed in PPX mostly as small crystallites [71]. 

Hales K, Chen Z et al (2008) Nanoparticles with tunable internal structure from triblock copolymers of PAA-b-PMA-b-PS. Nano Lett 8 2023-2026... 

The microemulsion method utilizes a water/oil/surfactant system to construct a micro reactor, in which NCs could be s)mthesized. The microemulsions have a wide range of applications from oil recovery fo fhe s)mfhesis of nanoparticles. Microemulsion is a system of water, oil, and surfactant, and it is an optically isotropic and thermod3mamically stable solution. At molecular scale, the microemulsion is heterogeneous with an internal structure either of nanospherical monosized droplefs (micelles or reverse micelles) or a bicontinuous phase, depending on the given temperature as well as the ratio of its constituents (Eriksson et al., 2004). The small droplets could be utilized as microreactors in order to s)mthesize the fine NCs in a controllable way. 

In addition to giving information about the shape and internal structure of colloidal aggregates, SANS studies can also be used profitably to determine the thickness and conformation of polymer layers adsorbed onto the surface of colloidal particles such as latex nanoparticles, and in some special cases, the surface of emulsion droplets. ° In such studies, the particles on which the polymer is adsorbed must generally be very accurately contrast matched to the solvent so as to allow information to be obtained only about the adsorbed layer. SANS studies have also been recently used in combination with differential scanning calorimetry and visual inspection of the solutions, to draw up a (simplified) partial phase diagram of the aggregation behavior of a polymeric surfactant in water.t ... 

The signiflcant recent advances in both colloidal and polymer chemistries have enabled the successful fabrication of complex, defect-free tianoslruclures following a bottom-up approach [353]. Two recent related examples are mentioned to stress the point. Recently, triblock copolymer with divalent counter-ions in mixed solvents led to the formation of particles with tunable internal structure mimicking lipid anphiphiles for potential use in drug delivery. The mechanism of formation involves either nanophase separation within the triblock copolymer nanoparticle upon addition of water or microemulsion formation similar to that in lipid systems... 

The definition above is a particularly restrictive description of a nanocrystal, and necessarily limits the focus of this brief review to studies of nanocrystals which are of relevance to chemical physics. Many nanoparticles, particularly oxides, prepared through the sol-gel method are not ineluded in this discussion as their internal structure is amorphous and hydrated. Nevertheless, they are important nanomaterials several textbooks deal with their synthesis and properties [4, 5]. The material science community has also contributed to the general area of nanocrystals however, for most of their applications it is not necessary to prepare fully isolated nanocrystals with well defined surface chemistry. A good discussion of the goals and progress can be found in references [6, 7, 8 and 9]. Finally, there is a rich history in gas-phase chemical physics of the study of clusters and size-dependent evaluations of their behaviour. This topic is not addressed here, but covered instead in chapter Cl.l. Clusters and nanoscale structures, in this same volume. 

CALCULATING THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND THE EQUILIBRIUM CONEIGURATION (SHAPE) OE SEPARATE NONINTERACTING NANOPARTICLES BY THE MOLECULAR MECHANICS AND DYNAMICS INTERACTIONS OE NANOSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS... 

The problem on calculating the internal structure and the equilibrium configuration (shape) of separate non-interacting nanoparticles by the molecular mechanics and dynamics methods has two main stages ... 

Calculating the Internal Structure and the Equilihrium Configuration (Shape) of Separate Noninteracting Nanoparticles hy the Molecular Mechanics and Dynamics Interactions of Nanostructural... 

Internally Structured Nanoparticles Based on Glyceryl Monolinoleate (GML)... 

Internally Structured Nanoparticles Formed by Other Glycride-Based Lipids... 

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