Nanomaterials properties Electrical

The properties of nanomaterials (mechanical, electrical, thermal, etc.), and in particular those of carbon nanotubes, are considered as key factors for future improvement of technical characteristics of many engineering macro-... 

The nanotechnology report issued in February 2004 by the UK Royal Society makes the general observation that Electrical transport properties across interfaces remain poorly understood in terms of science/predictive capability. This affects all nanomaterials . This observation most keenly summarizes the present state of play for Gbit level random access memories (RAMs), and it is our view that the electrode interface issues may dominate the device physics. Within the nanotech roadmap , high-dielectric ( high-K ) materials are strongly emphasized, as are nanotubes and new interconnects. 

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as one of the most interesting nanomaterials during the past decade [212], The unique structural, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties [213, 214] of these long hollow cylinders, along... 

New spatial forms of carbon - fullerenes, nanotubes, nanowires and nanofibers attract significant interest since the time of their discovery due to their unique physicochemical and mechanical properties [1-3]. There are three basic methods of manufacturing of the carbon nanomaterials (CNM) - laser evaporation, electric arc process, and catalytic pyrolysis of hydrocarbons. However, the multi-stage manufacturing process is a serious disadvantage for all of them. For example, the use of organic solvents (benzol, toluene, etc.) for separation of fullerenes from graphite soot results in delay of the synthesis process and decrease in the final product quantity. Moreover, some environmental problems can arise at this. 

An important role of the catalysts (Ni, Cu, Fe) for the spectral composition, structural state and physical properties of the carbon nanomaterials produced with the electrical wire explosion and spark erosion methods was established. 

It becomes obvious why surface effects were first observed and studied in the colloidal state. In this case one deals with particles that are so small that the number of atoms or molecules in the surface represents a substantial fraction of all the material that makes up the colloidal system. Colloidal particles are defined as having at least one dimension in the range of 1 micron to 1 nm. In modern chemistry however, particles in the nanometer range are given a special name, nanoparticles. The reason is that in this range several completely unpredictable phenomena start to appear [234], The reason is obvious these particles behave largely quantum-mechanically and therefore completely differently from ordinary colloidal particles. In many instances unusual mechanical, acoustical, electrical and optical properties are associated with nanomaterials, which have also been mentioned in connection with controversial issues such as room-temperature superconductivity and cold fusion. 

Nanomaterials with special morphology are attracting intense interest due to their remarkable optical, electrical and mechanical properties. Their potential uses ranging from microscopic probe to nanoelectronic devices. Therefore, current attention has focused on development of convenient approaches for preparing nanoscale structures with controlled shapes and sizes. 

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