Nanofiber composite carbon

Effect of oxidative treatments on catalytic property of carbon nanofiber composite... 

Several monolithic enzyme biocatalysts were prepared and characterized with carbon coatings consisting of carbonized sucrose, carbonized polyfurfuryl alcohol, and carbon nanofibers. The coated carbon monoliths were also compared with an integral (composite) carbon monolith. A lipase from Candida antarctica was adsorbed on the monolithic supports. Adsorption on carbon coatings can be very effective, depending on the carbon microstructure. For a high lipase loading. 

Particulate polymer composites with fibers are a very active area of development, particularly carbon nanotubes and nanofiber composites, and the new graphite and polymer composites [35]. This fact, combined with the continued interest in nancomoposites based in nanometric clays [36], suggests that improvements in mechanical properties of particulate and short-fiber polymer composite materials will continue to be reported. 

Figure 14.6 Sensing ofHCI and NH3 using PPy/carbon nanofiber composites (a) SEM image of the nanofiber mat and (b) TEM of a single composite nanofibers (c) responses of the composite nanocables (a and b) and bulk PPy (c and d) to NHj (a and c) and HC (b and d) (Reprinted with permission from Sensors and Actuators B Chemical, CO gas sensing from ultrathin nano-composite conducting polymer film byM. K. Ram, O. Yavuz, f. Lahsangah and M. Aldissi, 106, 2, 750-757. Copyright (2005) Elsevier Ltd)...

Wang, J. G., Y. Yang, Z. H. Huang, and F. Kang. 2013. Effect of temperature on the pseudo-capacitive behavior of freestanding Mn02 carbon nanofibers composites electrodes in mild electrolyte. Journal of Power Sources 224 86-92. 

Therefore, it can be seen from the above expression that is closely related to absorption loss (SE ). SE is also important for porous structures (e.g., foams) and for certain type of filled composites (carbon nanofibers [CNFs]/carbon nanotubes [CNTs]/graphene-filled polymers) or for certain design geometries (e.g., honeycomb lattices) [1,2,9,13,81]. It can be neglected in the case of a shield having thick absorbing elements due... 

Synthesis of Polypyrrole and PEDOT Carbon Nanofiber Composites... 

A new trend emerged. The production of intentionally diverse composite carbon films, rich in a variety of graphitic nanostructures, became commonplace. These films contained wide assortments of naturally occurring carbonaceous nanostructures, including but certainly not limited to carbon particles, onions, clusters, fullerenes, nanotubes, and nanofibers. These nanostructured carbon films performed significantly better than both the planar carbon and Spindt metallic emitters with tum-on fields as low as l-5V/pm. Moreover, it was determined that carbon has one of the lowest sputter coefficients [287], making its allotropes extremely stable when bombarded by positive ions associated with local liberated ionized gas species. 

Lozano, K., Yang, S. Jones, R. E. Nanofiber toughened polyethylene composites. Carbon 42, 2329-2331 (2004). 

Kim et al. used the third strategy via the removal of a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) component during the carbonization of electros-pun immiscible polymers (PAN and PMMA). The higherthe PAN content, the finer the electrospun composite nanofibers. The carbon surface was burned off by generating carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from outside to inside by the following reactions (1-5) (here, M = Na or K) [140] ... 

Yang P and Gu Y (2012), Synthesis of a novel benzoxazine-containing benzoxazole structure and its high performance thermoset , J Appl Polym Sci, 124, 2415-2422. Yoonessi M, Toghiani H, Wheeler R, Porcar L, Kline S and Pittman Jr C U (2008), Neutron scattering, electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical studies of carbon nanofiber/phenolic resin composites . Carbon, 46, 577-588, and references therein. Yosomiya R (1990), Adhesion and Bonding in Composites, New York, Marcel Dekker, l-A. 

Nagamine S, Ishimaru S, Taki K and Ohshima M (2011) Fabrication of Carbon-Core/Ti02-Sheath Nanofibers by Carbonization of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Ti02 Composite Nanofibers Prepared via Electrospinning and an Interfacial Sol-Gel Reaction, Mater Lett (in press), doi 10.1016/j.matlet.2011.06.067. 

Stout, D.A., Basu, B., Webster, T.J., 2011. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) carbon nanofiber composites for myocardial tissue engineering applications. Acta Biomaterialia 7, 3101-3112. 

Wu, Q., et al. (2010). Study of Fire Retardant Behavior of Carbon Nemotube Membranes and Carbon Nanofiber Paper in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites. Carbon, 48(6), 1799-1806. 

Sanchez-Garcia, M. D., Lagaron, J. M., and Hoa, S. V. (2010). Effect of addition of carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes on properties of thermoplastic biopolymeis. Composites Science and Technology 19(1), 1095 1105. 

ElectrochemicaUy active materials such as activated carbons, carbon aerogels, and carbon foams (aU derived from polymers) oxides, hydrous oxides, carbides, and nitrides are used to form composites with carbon nanofibers. Additional active materials such as oxides, hydrous oxides, and carbides can be combined to form a composite. Process requires dispersion in water with carbon nanofiber and subsequent filtralion and washing. Capacitance of 249 F /g was measured from a RuOj xHjO metal oxide and carbon nanofiber composite. 

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites can contain short, discontinuous fibers (usually in thermoplastics see Fig. 1.14) or long, continuous fibers in thermoset resins. Fibers can vary from the usual glass fibers with thicknesses of some tens of micrometers up to nanofibers or carbon nanotubes (single-waiied or multiwalled, SWCNT or MWCNT) about 10 nm thick. The properties of fiber-reinforced composites depend on thickness, length, and volume content of the fibers, as well as on adhesion (interfacial strength) and matrix properties. 

Figure 6.15 TEM images of composite carbon nanofibers (a) long nanotubes formed at 850°C (b) curved nanotubes formed at 700°C. Reprinted with permission from Hou and Reneker (2004). Copyright 2004. John Wiley Sons.

Kedem, S., J. Schmidt, Y. Paz, and Y. Cohen (2005). Composite polymer nanofibers with carbon nanombes and titanium dioxide particles. Langmuir... 

Zhang B, Liu Y, Huang Z, Oh S, Yu Y, Mai YW, Kim JK (2012) Urchin-like Li4 Ti5012-carbon nanofiber composites for high rate performance anodes in Li-ion batteries. J Mater Chem 22 12133-12140... 

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