Nanodevice applications

Biological properties ability to migrate into biological cells, biosensors, prosthetics, drug delivery, medical nanodevices, application in gene engineering. 

Time-resolved measurements are also one of the advantages in multiphoton spectroscopy. In the case of nanomaterials, physical and chemical properties are largely affected by interaction with surrounding environments. Therefore, the dynamical study should be useful for characterizing nanomaterials from the viewpoints of nanodevice applications. 

Another important discovery that changed the field of chemical sensing was the synthesis of single crystal one-dimensional oxide nanowires. These are created by the simple evaporation of the desired commercial metal oxide powders at high temperatures and their condensation at lower temperatures on the substrates. These materials have great potential thanks to their reduced lateral dimensions and single crystal habits, both for fundamental study and for potential nanodevice applications, i.e. the third generation of metal oxide gas sensors. 

The formation of nanostructures such as nanodot arrays has drawn a great attention due to the feasible applications in a variety of functional structures and nanodevices containing optoelectronic device, information storage, and sensing media [1-3]. The various methods such as self-assembled nanodots from solution onto substrate, strain-induced growth, and template-based methods have been proposed for the fabrication of nanodot arrays on a large area, [4-6]. However, most of these works can be applied to the small scale systems due to the limited material systems. 

Supposing that scientists succeed in constmcting molecular tools, they must overcome another obstacle for nanotechnology to be effective. A medical nanosubmarine is likely to contain about a billion (10 ) atoms. At an assembly speed of one atom per second, it would take 10 seconds to constmct one such device. That s almost 32 years If the assembly rate can be increased to one atom per micro-second, the constmction time for a 1-billion-atom machine drops to 1000 seconds, or just under 17 minutes. That s not bad if only a few machines are needed, but molecular machines are tiny, so large numbers of machines will be required for any practical application. Consequently, scientists will have to discover ways to mass-produce nanodevices. 

Prieto, F. Sepulveda, B. Calle, A. Llobera, A. Dominguez, C. Abad, A. Montoya, A. Lechuga, L. M., An integrated optical interferometric nanodevice based on silicon technology for biosensor applications, Nanotechnology 2003, 14, 907 912... 

Sarova GH, Da Ros T, Guldi DM (2006) Fullerene-based devices for biological applications. In Kumar C (ed.) Nanodevices for the Life Science, Vol. 4. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim, pp. 352-389. 

CNTs own excellent materials properties. DNA is an excellent molecule to construct macromolecular networks because it is easy to synthesize, with a high specificity of interaction, and is conformationally flexible. The complementary base-paring properties of DNA molecules have been used to make two-dimensional crystals and prototypes of DNA computers and electronic circuits (Yan et al., 2002 Batalia et al., 2002). Therefore functionalization of CNTs with DNA molecules has great potential for applications such as developing nanodevices or nanosystems, biosensors, electronic sequencing, and gene transporters. 

Encapsulation of other material into carbon nanotubes would also open up a possibility for the applications to electrodevices. By applying the template method, perfect encapsulation of other material into carbon nanotubes became possible. No foreign material was observed on the outer surface of carbon nanotubes. The metal-filled uniform carbon nanotubes thus prepared can be regarded as a novel onedimensional composite, which could have a variety of potential applications (e.g novel catalyst for Pt metal-filled nanotubes, and magnetic nanodevice for Fe304-filled nanotubes). Furthermore, the template method enables selective chemical modification of the inner surface of carbon nanotubes. With this technique, carbon... 

Willner I Basnar B Willner B, From molecular machines to microscale motility of objects Application as smart materials , sensors, and nanodevices, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2007, 17, 702-717. 

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