Nanocomposite sheet

Fig. 9.16 Biodegradability of neat PBS and various nanocomposite sheets (A) under compost, and (B) under soil field. Reprinted from [56], 2003 John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Polystyrene (PS)-encapsulated nano-silica has been prepared via the microemulsion polymerization technique. The PS-encapsulated silica was blended with NR, both in latex form, to finally prepare the NR nanocomposite sheets. 

Yuan Q, Lu W, Pan Y (2010) Structure and properties of biodegradable wheat gluten/ attapulgite nanocomposite sheets. Polym Degrad Stab 95 1581-1587... 

Figure 5.15 The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) graph of a pure PET sheet and PET/clay nanocomposite sheets. Reproduced from Ref. [19] with permission.

Soon KH, Harkin-Jones E, Rajeev RS, Menary G, McNally T, Martin PJ, Armstrong C. Characterisation of melt-processed poly(ethylene terephthalate)/synthetic mica nanocomposite sheet and its biaxial deformation behaviour. Polym Int 2009 58 1134-1141. 

Figure 2.16 (a) Transmittance of PMMA-MgAl-LDH nanocomposite sheet with a... 

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed using a JEOL 1010 equipped with a digital Bioscan (Gatan) image acquisition system. TEM observations were performed on ultra-thin sections of microtomed nanocomposite sheets. 

This process is highly suitable for rubbers with poor solubility. In this process, the rubber sheet is soaked in TEOS or quite often in TEOS-solvent mixture and the in situ sUica generation is conducted by either acid or base catalysis. The sol-gel reaction is normally carried out at room temperature. Kohjiya et al. [29-31] have reported various nonpolar mbber-silica hybrid nanocomposites based on this technique. The network density of the rubber influences the swelling behavior and hence controls the silica formation. It is very likely that there has been a graded silica concentration from surface to the bulk due to limited swelling of the rubber. This process has been predominantly used to prepare ionomer-inorganic hybrids by Siuzdak et al. [48-50]. 

Patel et al. [70] in a recent publication have explored the adhesive action of the mbber-siUca hybrid nanocomposites on different substrates. The rubber-silica hybrid nanocomposites are synthesized through in situ silica formation from TEOS in strong acidic pH within acryhc copolymer (EA-BA) and terpolymer (EA-BA-AA) matrices. The transparent nanocomposites have been apphed in between the aluminum (Al), wood (W), and biaxially oriented polypropylene (PP) sheets separately and have been tested for peel strength, lap shear strength, and static holding power of the adhesive joints. 

The enzymatic activities of intercalated GOx-AM P layered nanocomposites at various pH values and temperatures were compared with the native enzyme in aqueous solution. In both cases, characteristic linear plots consistent with Michalis-Menton kinetics were obtained. The Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated that the reaction rates (Vmax) for free and intercalated GOx (3.3 and 4.0 pM min 1 respectively), were comparable, suggesting that the turnover rate at substrate saturation was only marginally influenced by entrapment between the re-assembled organoclay sheets. However, the dissociation constant (Km) associated with the activity of the enzyme was higher for intercalated GOx (6.63 mM) compared to native GOx (2.94 mM), suggesting... 

The above studies indicated that intercalation of GOx during re-assembly of exfoliated AMP sheets produced lamellar nanocomposites that retain their... 

Fig. 8.18 Schematic diagram showing the potential scope of organically functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate (shown in top centre of figure) for the preparation of functional bioinorganic nanomaterials. (A) biomolecule-induced co-assembly of exfoliated aminopro-pyl-functionalized organoclay sheets to produce layered nanocomposites containing functional protein molecules (top left) or DNA (bottom left). (B) molecular wrapping...

Nanohybrids can be prepared in the form of intercalated layered nanocomposites produced by co-assembly of guest biomolecules in the presence of exfoliated organoclay sheets (Section 8.4), or by wrapping single biomolecules in ultrathin layers of condensed organoclay oligomers (Section 8.5). Such approaches should provide new general routes towards the development of functional biomaterials with numerous applications. 

Fig. 12.3 Fabrication of the nanocomposite paper units for battery, (a) Schematic of the battery assembled by using nanocomposite film units. The nanocomposite unit comprises LiPF6 electrolyte and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) embedded inside cellulose paper. A thin extra layer of cellulose covers the top of the MWNT array. Ti/Au thin film deposited on the exposed MWNT acts as a current collector. In the battery, a thin Li electrode film is added onto the nanocomposite, (b) Cross-sectional SEM image of the nanocomposite paper showing MWNT protruding from the cel-lulose-RTIL ([bmlm] [Cl]) thin films (scale bar, 2pm). The schematic displays the partial exposure of MWNT. A supercapacitor is prepared by putting two sheets of nanocomposite paper together at the cellulose exposed side and using the MWNTs on the external surfaces as electrodes, (c) Photographs of the nanocomposite units demonstrating mechanical flexibility. Flat sheet (top), partially rolled (middle), and completely rolled up inside a capillary (bottom) are shown (See Color Plates)...

T. Ramanathan, A.A. Abdala, S. Stankovich, D.A. Dikin, M. Herrera-Alonso, R.D. Piner, et al., Functionalized graphene sheets for polymer nanocomposites, Nature Nanotechnology, 3 (2008) 327-331. 

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