Nanocomposite application

Darder, M. Colilla, M. Ruiz-hitzky, E. (2003). Biopolymer-Clay Nanocomposites Based on Chitosan Intercalated in Montmorillonite. ChemicalMaterials. vol. 15, pp. 3774-3780. Darder, M. Colilla, M. Ruiz-Hitzky, E. (2005). Chitosan clay nanocomposites application as Electrochemical sensors. Applied Clap Science. Vol.28, pp.199-208. 

FIGURE 9 Clay-polymer nanocomposite application. (From Ref. 174.)... 

The field of clay-polymer nanocomposite technology is attracting a great amount of attention (169). Among clay minerals, the 2 1 natural clay mineral montmorillonite has been used for clay nanocomposite applications. The structure of nanocomposites, the dynamics of confined polymer clay nanocomposites using NMR and computer simulations, rheology of clay nanocomposites have been... 

The ability of IR spectroscopy to probe the environment in which bonds vibrate allows it to be used to examine structural ordering of surface modifier molecules. If alkyl chains for example are in a liquid-like state of disorder the dispersion forces of attraction between chains are not maximised and vibration of the C-H bonds is influenced almost solely by the bond stiffness. If on the other hand the chains are in an ordered crystalline array, dispersion forces are maximised. This causes the C-H bonds to become very slightly longer (and therefore weaker) than when in the liquid state. This reduction in stiffness causes the asymmetric C-H stretching vibration frequency of a Cjg alkyl chain to reduce by 3-5 cm. Such frequency shifts have been used by Kellar and co-workers [48] to investigate ordering of oleic acid monolayers and by Liauw and co-workers [13, 49]. Vaia and co-workers [50] have also used this approach to examine the order of alkyl chains of quaternary alkyl ammonium intercalants in organo-clays for nanocomposite applications. 

Among layered silicates, 2 1 phyllosilicates (smectites) have received the most attention in regard to nanocomposite applications. The main reasons are their potentially high aspect ratio and unique intercalation/exfoliation characteristics. Furthermore, smectites have been used extensively to prepare nanocomposites because of properties such as... 

DPPES was grafted onto the surface of GNO by condensation to form a synergistic phosphorus/silicon-containing GNO flame retardant (DPPES-GNO). A series of nanocomposites that contained 0,1,5, and 10 wt% DPPES-GNO was prepared. XPS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and TEM verified that DPPES covalently bonded to GNO. Furthermore, the addition of DPPES-GNO (up to 10 wt%) to neat epoxy significantly increased its thermal stability and improved the char yield and LOI by 42% and 80%, respectively. The phosphorus, silicon, and GNO layer stmctures of DPPES-GNO caused the continuous and insulating char layer to protect the inner polymer matrix. The approach that is described herein has great potential for the development of a novel synergistic phosphorus/silicon—GNO flame retardant with polymer nanocomposite applications. 

Sawada, H., Sasaki, A., Sasazawa, K Toriba, K., Kakehi, H Miura, M. et al. (2008) Preparation of colloidal stable fluoroalkyl endsilver nanocomposites - application to the siuface modification of traditional organic polymers with these nanocomposites. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 19, 419-424. 

Ameen S, Akhtar MS, Seo H-K, Shin HS (2014) Metal oxide semiconductors and their nanocomposites application towards photovoltaic and photocatalytic. In Tiwari A, Valyukh S (eds) Advanced energy materials. Wiley, Hoboken, doi 10.1002/9781118904923.ch3... 

This thin film technique can be used to better understand the mechanism of nanoparticle-polymer matrix interactions and to design particle surface modification for specific nanocomposite applications. Numerical analysis and finite element modeling of the nanoparticle embedding technique and the quantitative... 

---