Nanocoatings implants

Precipitation techniqnes are suitable for preparing large areas of biocompatible or bioactive coatings at low temperatures (e.g., body temperature). The techniques usually include aqueous reactions of different reagents that form solid-state precipitates and in situ deposition of the precipitates onto a material. For example, hydroxyapatite nanocrystals can be prodnced by the coprecipitation of Ca(NOj)2 and (NH ) HPO mixtnre and fnrther deposited onto titanium implant surface to form an osteoconduc-tive nanocoating [48]. 

In the past few decades, plasma spray-coating techniques have been developed to cover orthopedic implants with protective and/or bioactive coatings. As introduced in Chapter 1, the plasma spray-coating method employs high temperature plasma jet to melt and spray a feedstock material onto a substrate to form a coating. The feedstock materials for plasma spray can be in the forms of solid, liquid or suspension [29,30]. For the fabrication of nanocoating on orthopedic implants, the commonly used solid... 

Dental implants and prosthetics alone account for a substantial proportion of the dental industry. It is therefore of no surprise that researchers focus heavily on this avenue. In contrast to other industries, dental industry nanocoatings do not perpetually involve the deposition of thin nanolayers onto a substrate. Often they can refer to the incorporation of nanostructured materials or particles into coatings on contact surfaces. For instance, a recent piece of work examined the usage of nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) as a filler material for root canal. HA (a commonly used material in coating implants to aid cell proliferation) particles sized at approximately 26 mn were incorporated into root canal sealer at variable ratios. At high concentrations, there was little difference in film thickness (implying they would meet ISO standards for root canal sealers). The observed improvements suggested that nanostructured HA could be used to formulate more stable tooth material interfaces [40]. 

The high importance of nanocoatings in the preservation and successful implantation of vascular stents is clear, but the ability to coat smaller substrates on a cellular level is significantly more intriguing. 

Choi JY, Jung UW, Kim CS, Jung SM, Lee IS, Choi SH. Influence of nanocoated calcium phosphate on two different types of implant surfaces in different bone environment an animal study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013 24(9) 1018-22. Available from PM 22591379. 

Mattioli-Belmonte, M., Cometa, S., Ferretti, C., latta, R., Trapani, A., Ceci, E., Falconi, M., De Giglio, E. Characterization and cytocompatibility of an antibotic/chitosan/cyclodextrins nanocoating on titanium implants. Carb. Pol. 110, 173-182 (2014)... 

For long term implantation we have developed multilayers or nanocoatings with higher thickness. This type of coating probably gives additional safety when radicals, leukocytes or macrophages attack the outermost layer of ES-HS. In this case, a reservoir of many other layers of ES-HS may protect the implant probably for a very long time before it will be completely denuded from ES-HS. 

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