Nano-engineered films

To fabricate nano-engineered films on colloidal particles a layer-by-layer adsorption of oppositely charged macromolecules is used. Different templates can be coated with multilayer films and decomposed to form hollow capsules with defined size, shape and shell thickness. As example, polyelectrolyte capsules can be used as carrier for biological species, for a controlled release and targeting of drugs and as micro-containers to perform chemical reactions in restricted volumes. 

Sukhorukov, G.B. Designed Nano-Engineered Polymer Films on Colloidal Particles and Capsules in Novel Methods to Study Interfacial Layers, Mobius, D. Miller, R. (Eds.), Elsevier Amsterdam, 2001, pp. 383 114. 

Jung, H.Y., Karimi, M.B., Hahm, M.G., Ajayan, P.M., Jung,Y.J., 2012. Transparent, flexible supercapacitors from nano-engineered carbon films. Sci. Rep. 2,65. 

Sukhorukov GB (2001) Designed nano-engineered polymer films on colloidal particles and capsules. Stud Interface Sci 11 383 14... 

G.B. Sukhorukov. In D. Mobius and R. Miller, Eds., Designed Nano-engineered Polymer Films on Colloidal Particles and Capsules. Amsterdam Elsevier, 2001, pp. 384-414. 

Designed Nano-engineered Polymer Films on Colloidal Particles AND Capsules... 

A wide variety of colloids are foimd in everyday life forming silver-centers in photographic films, the red color of glass, aerosols, exhausts, precipitates or just dust and dirt. Thus, the discovery of the colloidal state of matter alre y dates back hundreds of years based on inventions and theories from Faraday, Mie, Ostwald, Seitz, Svedberg and Zsigmondy. Since 1986 clusters as a base for nanotechnology, nano-engineering or nano-... 

Research tools and fundamental understanding New catalyst design for effective integration of bio-, homo- and heterogeneous catalysis New approaches to realize one-pot complex multistep reactions Understanding catalytic processes at the interface in nanocomposites New routes for nano-design of complex catalysis, hybrid catalytic materials and reactive thin films New preparation methods to synthesize tailored catalytic surfaces New theoretical and computational predictive tools for catalysis and catalytic reaction engineering... 

In addition to their potential use as structural composites, these macroscopic assemblies of nanocarbons have shown promise as mechanical sensors [83], artificial muscles [84], capacitors [85], electrical wires [59], battery elements [85], dye-sensitized solar cells [86], transparent conductors [87], etc. What stands out is not only the wide range of properties of these type of materials but also the possibility of engineering them to produce such diverse structures, ranging from transparent films to woven fibers. This versatility derives from their hierarchical structure consisting of multiple nano building blocks that are assembled from bottom to top. 

Biomimetic nanocrystalline apatite coatings were deposited on titanium substrates by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE), a technique with potential application in tissue engineering (Visan et al., 2014 Caricato etal., 2014). The targets were prepared from nano-sized, poorly crystalline apatite powders, analogous in composition to mineral bone. For the deposition of thin films, a KrF excimer laser source was used (A = 248 nm,rFWHM < 25 ns). Analyses of the deposited films showed that the structural and chemical nature of the nanocrystalline precursor apatite was preserved. Hence, MAPLE may be a suitable technique for the congruent transfer of a delicate material such as nanohydroxyapatite. 

The development of thin-film engineering and the increasing use of nanomaterials have led to the development of nano-indenters. These are described in more detail in Section 10.3.3. 

Gilbert EN, Hayes BS, Seferis JC. Nano-alumina modified epoxy based film adhesives. Polymer Engineering and Science May 2003 43(5) 1096. 

Atto-engineering for more than a whole century is in permanent and almost infinite development. Theoretical background is related to the surface physics and chemistry, quantum and wave mechanics, and quantum electrodynamics. Discrete and constrained discrete models are convenient for describing related events. Tools and equipment are nano- and atto-dispersions and beams (demons, ions, phonons, infons, photons, electrons), ultra-thin films and membranes, fullerenes and bucky tubules, Langmuir-Blodgett systems, molecular machines, nano-electronic devices, and various beam generators. Output is, generally, demonstrated as finely dispersed particles (plasma, fluosol-fog, fluosol-smoke, foam, emulsion, suspension, metal, vesicle, dispersoid). 

Doorenbos Z, Vats A, Puszynski J, Shende R, Kapoor D, Martin, D. Haines C (2008) Pyrophoric films based on nano-sized iron. Proceedings of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers Conference. 

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