Names of Anions

The names of anionic ligands are obtained by substituting the suffix -o for the normal ending. Examples include... 

D.1 Names of Cations D.2 Names of Anions D.3 Names of Ionic Compounds D.4 Names of Inorganic Molecular Compounds D.5 Names of Some Common Organic Compounds... 

The names of anionic ligands always end in an o. Neutral ligands are basically unchanged. Two common exceptions in the case of neutral ligands are NH3 = ammine (note the double m), and H20 = aqua. Other common ligands and their names are listed in Appendix C. 

The use of surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) as an identification tool in TLC and HPLC has been investigated in detail. The chemical structures and common names of anionic dyes employed as model compounds are depicted in Fig. 3.88. RP-HPLC separations were performed in an ODS column (100 X 3 mm i.d. particla size 5 pm). The flow rate was 0.7 ml/min and dyes were detected at 500 nm. A heated nitrogen flow (200°C, 3 bar) was employed for spraying the effluent and for evaporating the solvent. Silica and alumina TLC plates were applied as deposition substrates they were moved at a speed of 2 mm/min. Solvents A and B were ammonium acetate-acetic acid buffer (pH = 4.7) containing 25 mM tributylammonium nitrate (TBAN03) and methanol, respectively. The baseline separation of anionic dyes is illustrated in Fig. 3.89. It was established that the limits of identification of the deposited dyes were 10 - 20 ng corresponding to the injected concentrations of 5 - 10 /ig/ml. It was further stated that the combined HPLC-(TLC)-SERRS technique makes possible the safe identification of anionic dyes [150],... 

The names of heteroatomic electronegative constituents generally take the anion ending -ate, which is also characteristic of the names of anions of oxoacids (sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, etc.). Many such anions are coordination compounds, and these names are assembled using the rules of coordination nomenclature (see Section 4.4, p. 51). 

The names of anions similarly are obtained by an extension of the names used for electronegative constituents, but with the proviso that the ending is always characteristic of an anion (ide, -ate or -ite, as discussed above). For the names of monoatomic anions, see Table 4.1. Homopolyatomic anions take names of the kind exemplified below. 

The names of anions usually end in -ide if there are monatomic or homopolyatomic, or -ate for heteropolyatomic anions and coordination compounds. Anionic ligands usually end in -o. Thus CP is chloride, I3 is triiodide and S042 is sulfate but become, chloro, triiodo and sulfato if they are coordinated as ligands. The names of complex anions are not always derived from the familiar name... 

Similarly, in the complex [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2, the name of complex part, [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+ penta-ammine-chlorocobalt (III) is written first followed by name of anion, C1-, i.e., chloride. 

Coordination entity — A molecular entity consisting of a central chemical species, usually a metal atom, to which one or more ligands are bonded. The name of anionic coordination entities takes the ending-ate, whereas no distinguishing termination is used for the cationic or neutral ones. The names of the ligands are listed follow-... 

Oxoacid anions. Although it is quite practical to treat oxygen in the same manner as ordinary ligands and use it in the naming of anions by coordination nomenclature, some names having the suffix -ite (indicating a lower-than-maximum oxidation state) are useful and therefore are still permitted. 

Anions derived from neutral molecules by loss of one or more hydrous. The names of anions formed by loss of hydrons from structural groups such as acid hydroxyl are formed by replacing the -ic acid, -uric acid, or -oric acid ending by -ate. If only some of the acid hydrons are lost from an acid, the names are formed by adding hydrogen , dihydrogen , etc., before the name to indicate the number of hydrons which are still present and which can, in principle, be ionized. 

IR-1.5.3.2 Compositional nomenclature IR-1.5.3.3 Substitutive nomenclature IR-1.5.3.4 Additive nomenclature IR-1.5.3.5 General naming procedures IR-1.6 Changes to previous IUPAC recommendations IR-1.6.1 Names of cations IR-1.6.2 Names of anions IR-1.6.3 The element sequence of Table VI IR-1.6.4 Names of anionic ligands in (formal) coordination entities IR-1.6.5 Formulae for (formal) coordination entities IR-1.6.6 Additive names of polynuclear entities IR-1.6.7 Names of inorganic acids IR-1.6.8 Addition compounds IR-1.6.9 Miscellaneous... 

IR-1.6.4 Names of anionic ligands in (formal) coordination entities... 

Names of anions derived by formal loss of one or more hydrons from hydroxy groups and their chalcogen analogues (characterized by suffixes such as oT and thiol ) are formed by adding the ending ate to the appropriate name. 

The systematic names of coordination entities are derived by following the principles of additive nomenclature, as outlined in Chapter IR-7. Thus, the groups that surround the central atom or structure must be identified in the name. They are listed as prefixes to the name of the central atom (see Section IR-9.2.2.1) along with any appropriate multipliers (see Section IR-9.2.2.2). These prefixes are usually derived in a simple way from the ligand names (see Section IR-9.2.2.3). Names of anionic coordination entities are furthermore given the ending ate . 

Combined ending of names of anions resulting from the removal of a hydron from a parent hydride with an ane name, formed by adding the suffix ide , e.g. methanide, CH3. ... 

General ending of additive names of anions, e.g. tetrahydridoaluminate(l—), [A1H4]. Cf. Section IR-7.1.4 and Table X. 

Ending of names of anions and esters of inorganic oxoacids having the ic ending in the acid name, e.g. nitrate, phosphonate, trimethyl phosphate, and of anions and esters of organic acids, e.g. acetate, methyl acetate, thiocyanate. See Tables IR-8.1 and IR-8.2 and Table IX for more examples of ate anion names. See also inate , onate . 

Suffix for names of anions formed by removal of one or more hydrons from a parent hydride, accompanied by locants and multiplicative prefixes as appropriate, e.g. hydrazinide, H2NNH hydrazine-1,2-diide, HNNH- disulfanediide, S22- methanide, CH3 . 

Ending of names of anions and esters of inic oxoacids, e.g. borinate, phosphinate. 

Ending of names of anions and esters of onous oxoacids, e.g. phosphonite, tetrathionite. Modification of the onite ending of an anion name used when the anion acts as a ligand. 

Kataoka et al. [57, 58] investigated the formation of polyion complexes (PIC) from a pair of oppositely charged polypeptide block copolymers, namely of anionic poly(ethylene oxide)-( foc -poly(a, P-aspartate) and cationic polyethylene oxide)- foc -poly([2-aminoalkyl]-a,P-aspartamide) (see structure in Fig. 14a), in an aqueous milieu. Mixing of the double-hydrophilic copolymers at an equimolar... 

H20 and NH3 ligands are called aqua and ammine respectively. The names of anionic... 

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