N. alata

Nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine N. alata, N. glauca, N. paniculata, N. rustica, N. silvestris Roots 0.2% DW 197... 

Table 3.4 shows the combination of the data of both reports mentioned above. Nicotine turned out to be a major alkaloid in 54 Nicotiana species (84%) and the principal component in 28 species (44%). Nomicotine was a major component of 32 species (50%) but predominating, i.e., without nicotine or another compound as a second main alkaloid, in only eight species (12%). With the exception of N. alata, N. maritima, and N. africana, the concentrations of nicotine surmounted those of nomicotine in the roots of all species (95%). However, this was the case in only 36 out of 60 species (60%) for the leaves. (See also Sect. 3.3.4). 

Nicotiana. In a comprehensive study on the floral and vegetative fragrance chemistry, nocturnal rhythms and pollination syndromes numerous monoterpenoids were identified by GC/MS analyses of nine Nicotiana spp. (N. alata, N. bonariensis, N. 

Heemann et al. could not find any diterpenoids in the leaf surface gum neither in the cultivated N. rustica nor in 13 further wild Nicotiana spp. (N. acuminata, N. africana, N. alata, N. debneyi, N. glauca, N. knightiana, N. langsdorffii, N. longiflora, N. megalosiphon, N. paniculata, N. plumbaginifolia N. repanda, N. sanderae authorities see Table 3.4). 

The six optically active alkaloids ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, and the N-methylated N-methylephedrine and N-methylpseudoephedrine are described in detail in Reti s review (2). Two new alkaloids of related structure have since been identified in Ephedra species, namely, (9-benzoylpseudoephedrine (271) and the oxazolidine derivative ephe-droxane (272). The 4-quinolone derivative ephedralone, recently isolated from Ephedra alata (273), may be of similar biogenetic origin as the ephedrines. Ephedra species also contain macrocyclic alkaloids of more complex structure (275). The two major Ephedra alkaloids (—)-ephedrine and (+)-pseudoephedrine are diastereomers. (—)-Ephedrine has the erythro and (+)-pseudoephedrine has the threo configuration. 

Eucalanus pileatus Rhizosolenia alata (100 pgC 1-1, C N = 5) 15 Paffenhofer and Knowles, 1979... 

C/N] Cl-Tl, NaProPI residues 25-135, derived from a circular precursor protein from Nicotiana alata 111 32 222... 

Parveen, M. Khan, N. U., Biflavones from the leaves of Rhus alata Thunb., Curr. ScL, 1987, 56, 1171-1172. 

Mmakami, A. Tanaka, S. Ohigashi, H. Hirota, M. Irie, R. Takeda, N. Tatematsu, A Koshimizu, K., Possible anti-tumoin promoters BI- and tetraflavonoids from Lophira alata. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31, 2689-2693. 

High concentrations of nicotinic acid depressed alkaloid formation, but stimulated the production of anatabine (12) in Nicotiana alata root cultures [91], A similar effect enhancing production of 12 in N. tabacum cultures had been observed earlier [91]. 

S. alata (D. Don) Clarke is an annual, erect solitary or tufted, branched herb, distributed in temperate N-W Himalaya at altitude 1,500-3,100 m, from Kashmir to Kumaon. Similarly swertisin, iridoid swertiamarin (60), with oleanolic acid and belidifolia are reported from the aerial parts and roots [90]. Infusion of the plant is largely used as a tonic and febrifuge. 

Woodward, J.R. D. Craik, A. Dell, K.H. Khoo, S.L.A Munro, A.E. Clarke, and A. Bade Structural analysis of the V-linked glycan chains from a stylar glycoprotein associated with expression of self-incompatibility in Nicotiana alata Glycobiology 2 (1992) 241-250. Wray, J.L., R.E. Brick, and L. Fowden Development of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases in cultured Nicotiana tabacum cells Phytochemistry 13 (1974) 697-701. Wyen, N.V., J. Udvardy, S. Erdei, and C.L. Farkas Level of a relatively purine-specific ribonuclease increases in virus-infected hypersensitive of mechanically injured tobacco leaves Virology 48 (1972) 337-341. 

Seitdem die Bildung der Acridinbasen (z.B. 1,2,3-Trimethoxy-N-methylacridon (CCLXVI) aus Evodia alata) unter. .zellmoglichen" Be-dingungen (s. Schema 48) gelungen ist (146), muB man annehmen, daB dieser Alkaloidtyp auch in der Pflanze aus Anthranilsaure entsprechend Schema 48 aufgebaut werden kann. 

Five acridone alkaloids were obtained previously from the bark of Teclea boiviniana cf. Vol. 6, p. 108) a recent investigation showed that the constituents of the leaves are similar, and resulted in the isolation of arborinine (37 R = H), tecleanthine (38 R = H, R = OMe), evoxanthine (38 R = R = H), 6-methoxytecleanthine (38 R = R = OMe), and 1,3,4-trimethoxy-iV-methyl-acridone (39 R = Me, R = OMe). The latter compound has not been obtained previously from a natural source. The n.m.r. and mass spectra indicated that the new alkaloid was a trimethoxy-iV-methylacridone and that ring A was unsubstituted. The three possible acridones had been synthesized earlier, and from melting-point data the alkaloid appeared to be the 1,3,4-trimethoxy-derivative this was confirmed by synthesis using a modification of the published procedures. 1,2,3-Trimethoxy-iV-methylacridone (37 R = Me), previously isolated from Evodia alata, has now been obtained from Melicope leratii. The known alkaloids melicopidine (40 R = Me, R = OMe) and xanthovedine (40 R = R = H) were also shown to be constituents of M. leratii. Arborinine (37 R = H) has been obtained from Vepris pilosa and from Ruta chalapensis. Other known acridone alkaloids isolated from a new source include the l-hydroxy-3-methoxy-deriva-tive (39 R = R = H) and its methyl ether (39 R = Me, R = H), from Vepris pilosa. ... 

Hatano, N., Hamada, T. (2008) Proteome analysis of pitcher fluid of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata. Journal of Proteome Research, 7 (2), 809-816. 

Such metabolites were detected in the floral volatiles of N. rustica (sect. Rusticae), N. suaveolens (sect. Suaveolentes), N. sylvestris (sect. Alatae s.L), N. langsdotffii,... 

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