N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene

Poirier MC, DeCicco BT, Lieberman MW. 1975. Nonspecific inhibition of DNA repair synthesis by tumor promotors in human diploid fibroblasts damage with N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. Cancer Res 35 1392-1397. 

Huang, S.L. and Lieberman, M.W. (1978). Induction of 6-thioguanine resistance in human cells treated with N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, Mutat. Res. 57,349. 

Ball, S. S. Quaranta, V. Shadravan, F. Walford, R. L. An ELISA for Detection of DNA-bound carcinogen using a monoclonal antibody to N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene-modified DNA. J. Immunol. M., 98 195-200. 1987. 

We have examined the consequences of inhibition of chromatin-associated poly(ADP-ribosylation) on individual reaction steps of DNA repair elicited by a number of different carcinogens. In this analysis we could identify at least two ADP-ribose dependent reaction steps in the process of DNA repair, while others were found unresponsive to inhibition of nuclear ADP-ribosylation. Thus, for example, the rate of resynthesis of repair patches as well as the rate of ligation were increased in hepatocytes recovering from alkylation damage, pyrimidine dimers or bulky lesions caused by the ultimate carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NAcAAF) ([9], F.R. Althaus, unpublished observations). Despite this apparent stimulation of intermediate steps of DNA repair, the removal of guanine adducts of NAcAAF (dG-8-AAF) was incomplete under conditions of inhibited ADP-ribosylation activity (F.R. Althaus and M.C. Poirier, unpublished observations). 

Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were incubated for 20 min with the radioactively labeled ultimate carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAAF), the carcinogen was removed, and the cells were showed to repair DNA damage for up to 3 hr. Within this repair period, excision of the bulky... 

Lang MC, de Murcia G, Mazen A, Fuchs RPP, Leng M, Daune M (1982) Non-random binding of N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene to chromatin subunits as visualized by immunoelectron microscopy. Chem Biol Interact 41 83-93... 

Kaneko M, Cerutti PA (1980) Excision of N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene induced DNA adducts from chromatin fractions of human fibroblasts. Cancer Res 40 4313-4318... 

V. DNA structure. Bal31 specifically cleaves dsDN A at the B-Z helix junction (2). The enzyme also cleaves the apparent dsDNA at the regions containing helical distortions following base modifications, e.g., with the carcinogen N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene which modifies dG or with nitrous acid which deaminates dC and dA and introduces interstrand cross-links into dsDNA (9). Digestion of dsDNA by Bal31 is arrested when the enzyme encounters interstrand cross-links mediated by photoreactive psoralens (10). A similar property has been observed with Exo III. 

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