Myoelectric prostheses

Scott, R. N. (1984). An Introduction to Myoelectric Prostheses. In UNB Monographs on MyoelectricProstheses, University of New Brunswick, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Irederickton. 

Scott, R. (1984). An introductic ) to myoelectric prostheses in UNB Mcmogr hs on Myoelectric Prostheses Series. Institute of Biomedical igineering, UNB Canada. 

Kuiken, T. A., Dumanian, G. A., Lipschutz, R. D., Miller, L. A., and Stubblefield, K. A. 2004. The use of targeted muscle reinnervation for improved myoelectric prosthesis control in a bilateral shoulder disarticulation amputee. Prosthetics Orthotics International, 28,245-253. 

The first externally powered prosthesis was a pneumatic hand patented in Germany in 1915. Drawings of this hand and possibly the first electric hand were published in 1919 in Ersatzglieder und Arbeitshilfen (Borchardt et al., 1919). The first myoelectric prosthesis was developed during the early 1940s by Reinhold Reiter. Reiter published his work in 1948 (Reiter, 1948), but it was not widely known, and myoelectric control had to wait to be rediscovered during the 1950s. Reiter s... 

FIGURE 32.30 A peison with a transradial amputation wearing a typical myoelectric prosthesis. The user is demonstrating how the battery pack is popped in and out. The battery pack housing is usually located on the medial surface of the prosthesis for appearance reasons and ease of access. 

Hogan, N. J. (1976). Myoelectric Prosthesis Control Optimal Estimation Applied to EMG and Cybernetic Considerations for Its Use in a Man-Machine Interface. D. dissertation, MIT, Boston, Mass. 

Selvarajah, K., and Datta, D. (2001). An unusual complication of a myoelectric prosthesis. Clinical Note, Prosthesis and Orthotics International, The Jourrutl of the IrUernatiorud Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO), vol. 25, pp. 243-245. 

Since then, prosthetic arm continues to evolve with variety of concept. For instance a Myoelectric prosthesis that uses electromyography signals or potentials from voluntarily contracted muscles to control the movements of the prosthesis arms. Here, a residual neuro-muscular system of the human body to control the functions of an electric powered prosthetic hand, wrist or elbow [2],... 

Soares, A. Andrade, E. Lamounier, et. al. (2004) The development of a virtual myoelectric prosthesis controlled by an EMG pattern recognition system based on neural networks, J Intellig Inform Sys, vol. 21, pp.127-141... 

Movement of powered prosthetic devices such as arms, hands, and legs can be controlled with the surface myoelectric signal (MES) in a very natural way. The person with the prosthesis only has to attempt to make the intended movement and this produces minute contractions of residual muscles similar to contractions in an intact limb. 

Lee MJ, Jung SH, Mun MS, Lee S, Moon I (2006) Control of IPMC-based artificial muscle for myoelectric hand prosthesis. Proceedings 1st lEEE/RAS-EMBS international conference on biomedical robotics and biomechatronics, pp 1172-1177. doi 10.1109/BIOROB.2006. 1639251... 

Shannon, G.F., A myoelectrically-controlled prosthesis with sensory feedback. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 1979.17 73-80. 

In addition to the mechanical performance Umitations of prosthetic limbs, the other major impediment to full restoration of limb capability with an artificial device is the command and control interface between the prosthesis and amputee user. The typical approach for direct amputee control of a prosthetic limb is to use myoelectric potentials from muscles in the amputee s residual limb as user commands to the limb... 

Myoelectric control derives it name from the electromyogram (EMG), which it uses as a control input. When a muscle contracts, an electric potential (the EMG) is produced as a by-product of that contraction. If surface electrodes are placed on the skin near a muscle, they can detect this signal (Fig. 32.26). The signal can then be electronically amplified, processed, and used to control a prosthesis. While the intensity of the EMG increases as muscle tension increases, the relationship is a complex nonlinear process that depends on many variables, including the position and configuration of the electrodes (Heckathome and Childress, 1981). Although the EMG is nonlinear it is broadly monotonic, and the human operator perceives this response as more or less linear. 

Kato, I., et al. (1970). Multifunctional myoelectric hand prosthesis with pressure sensory feedback system-Wasada Hand-4P. In Advances in External Control of Human Extremities, Proceedings cfthe Third International Symposium on External Comrol of Human Extremities, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, 1969, Yugoslav Committee for Electronics and Automation (CTAN), Belgrade, Yugoslavia, pp. 155-170. 

Lawrence, P. D., and Kadefors, R. (1974). Classification of myoelectric patterns for the control of a prosthesis. In The Control Of Upper-Extremity Prostheses and Orthoses, Proceedings of the Conference on the Control of Upper-Extremity Prostheses and Orthoses, Goteborg, Sweden, October 6-8, 1971, Herberts, P., Kadefors, R., Magnusson, R. I., and Petersen, I., (eds.), Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, III., pp. 190-200. 

The myoelectric arm is an electric prosthesis whose movements are controlled by electric signals produced by muscle contractions in the amputee s body. 

Mitchell, W. R., M. (2008). Development of a clinically viable multifunctional hand prosthesis. In MyoElectric Controls/Powered Prosthetics Sym-... 

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