Mutation detection preparative

PCR- and label-free detection capability. Nanomaterials can readily be chemically attached with specific probes such as cDNA and antibody, which can seek out specific target DNA, RNA, or proteins for diagnostics and treatment. For example, a specific tag can be attached onto the nanotube ends to look for the specific mutations that are responsible for the diseases of interest. Nanoparticles or dendrimers can be attached with cDNA for gene expression analysis.ConventionaUy, gene expression analysis or mutation detection has to the carried out after or during the tedious sample amphfication and optical labeling. However, the utilization of nanodevices as biosensor can get rid of these tedious laboratory steps for the sample preparations. For example, the carbon nanotube electrodes attached with DNA probes have been developed for label- and PCR-free detection for DNA samples. 

These mutated ALS genes except for the W548L/SS27I double mutant were prepared by PCR and SPR using mutations detected in BS-resistance rice ceils, or site-directed mutagenesis. 

A report being prepared by Brockman et al.1 2 will describe and evaluate the N. crassa test systems that detect gene and genomic mutations. The most extensively used N. crassa test system is the forward-mutation system developed by de Serres and co-workers.93 In this system,... 

Bennicelli C, Camoirano A, Petruzzelli S, et al. 1983. High sensitivity of salmonella TA102 in detecting hexavalent chromium mutagenicity and its reversal by liver and lung preparations. Mutat Res 122 1-5. 

The bacterial reverse mutation test does not detect all compounds with the potential to induce point mutations. For some chemical series, modifications of the test system are necessary. For example, the potential for azo compounds to induce point mutations can only be detected by using an S9-mix prepared by hamster liver. To get an indication early in the development of a test compound for its potential to induce point mutations, modified test systems of the... 

Mass spectroscopic analysis of proteins and peptide fragments has become an often-utilized technique over the past few years, and a number of microdevices have been reported for use with this analysis method. Though not yet used routinely in clinical analyses, detecting expression patterns and specific mutations in proteins may well be the best way to detect diseases and propose treatments specific for a given mutation. Transfer of this type of analysis to the clinical laboratory may await the development of microdevices for the sample preparation steps, which can interface directly with MS detectors. 

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