Mussel protein

D-MS Aroclor 1248, Mussels Protein changes differ by Cu, salinity treatment ecotoxicology... 

Chemical modification with dopamine was also used as strength and water-resistance aids for SPI adhesives (Liu et al., 2002). Dopamine is an amino acid with two adjacent phenolic hydroxyl groups, and is the primary component responsible for marine adhesive properties. The Liu modification scheme creates an SPI that is similar to mussel proteins used for surface adhesion. Increased water-resistance compared to other stand-alone SPI adhesives was achieved. Bond strength depends on the phenolic functionality in the synthesized compounds (Liu, 2002). Much interest in this adhesive has developed because it is a strong and resilient adhesive, which is formaldehyde-free, making it suitable for interior wood products. 

Mussel-derived adhesive protein is known to be the most powerful natural adhesive, and has both flexibility and elasticity [84, 85]. In 1981, Waite and Tanzer discovered 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (DORA) as a key component for the wet-resistant adhesion of mussel adhesive proteins [86]. Non-toxic and non-immu-nogenic effects of mussel proteins have been reported [87-89]. More interestingly, it maintains its adhesion in wet environment, and adheres to virtually any types of synthetic and natnral snrfaces [90]. However, expensive extraction, which requires 10,000 mussels to obtain 1 g of one type of adhesive proteins, and unsuccessful large-scale production limit its practical applications [84]. 

Resilin and elastin have relatively high extensibility and resilience, but as compared to the collagen and the silks, the proteins sacrifice stiffness (elastic modulus) and strength (see Table 2). Collagen and dragUne sflk are much stiffer materials, but lack the extensibility that is characteristic of the rubber-like proteins. On the other hand, the mussel byssus fibers and the viscid silk have the extensibility of resilin and elastin, but lack the resilience [208]. 

M Shelled creatures such as mussels and snails are Marble is readily workable remarkable constructors of casings of Ca carbonate and has challenged artists with protein layers. throughout the ages. 

Viarengo, A., M. Pertica, G. Mancinelli, S. Palermo, G. Zanicchi, and M. Orunesu. 1981. Synthesis of Cu-binding proteins in different tissues of mussels exposed to the metal. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 12 347-350. 

Mountfort, D.O., Suzuki, T. and Truman, P., Protein phosphatase inhibition assay adapted for determination of total DSP in contaminated mussels, Toxicon, 39, 2-3, 383, 2001. 

Mussel adhesive protein (MAP) is a 130-kDa protein produced by the blue mussel Mytilus edulis), which provides strong adhesion to submerged surfaces. MAP films were prepared by drying and stored under nitrogen atmosphere. These films showed twice the adhesion strength of polycarbophil when tested on porcine duodenum in vitro [95]. 

Lin Q, Gourdon D, Sun C, Holten-Andersen N, Anderson TH, Waite JH, Israelachvili JN. Adhesion mechanisms of the mussel foot proteins mfp-1 and mfp-3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007 104 3782-3786. 

Mollusks along with the crustaceans are also widely sought to participate in the world s consumption of marine food. Fermented marine food sauces such as blue mussel sauce and oyster sauce possess bioactive peptides which play a major role as Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors that indirectly suppress hypertension (Wijesekara and Kim, 2010). Hence, the mollusk-derived proteins and other macromolecules are highly valuable to indicate these organisms as medicinally valuable food sources. 

Additionally, a number of marine toxins with medical and toxicological importance have been isolated from marine flora and fauna. Okadaic acid, Fig. (62) is the main toxin produced by dinoflagellates, which can accumulate in the hepatopancreas of mussels and caused diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in consumers [505,506], However, this toxin is also a tumor promoter and a specific potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases which may provokes mitotic arrest and apoptosis of leukemia cells [507-509], These types of compounds have been reported in shellfish and phytoplankton, and more recently, in Spanish mussels [510], Portuguese bivalves [511], and the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii [512],... 

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