Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors subtypes

J. S. Gutkind, E. A. Novotny, M. R. Brann, and K. C. Robbins. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes as agonist-dependent oncogenes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 4703-4707,1991. 

Volpicelli LA, Levey AL Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Prog Brain Res. 2004 145 59-66. 

Zhang W, Yamada M, Gomeza J, Basile AS, Wess J (2002b) Multiple muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes modulate striatal dopamine release, as studied with M1-M5 muscarinic receptor knock-out mice. J Neurosci 22 6347-52... 

Brann MR, Ellis J, Jorgensen H, Hill-Eubanks D, Jones SV. 1993. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes Localization and structure/function. Prog Brain Res 98 121-127. 

Eglen, R.M. era/. (1994) Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in smooth muscle. Trends Pharmacol. ScL. 15.114-119. 

Braeuner-Osborne, H., Brann, M.R., 1996. Pharmacology of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes (mi-m,) high throughput assays in mammalian cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 295, 93-102. 

Characteristics of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes (inAChRs)... 

Yagle, K., and Costa, L. G. (1996). Effects of organophosphate exposure on muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. subtype mRNA levels in the adult rat. Neumtoxicology 17, 523-530. 

Zhang, W, Yamada, M., Gomeza, J., Basile, A. S., and Wess, J. (2002b). Multiple muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. subtype.s... 

Joseph etal. (2002) showed that the ability of COS-7 cells to clear excess Ca following oxotre-morine stimulation varied as a function of transfected muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype, with dopamine (1 mM for 4 h)-treated Ml, M2, or M4 cells showing greater decrements in recovery than those transfected with M3 or M5 acetylcholine receptor subtypes. A similar pattern of results in M-1 or M3-transfected dopamine-exposed cells was seen with respect to viability. Viability of the un-... 

Fukuda K, Higashida H, Kubo T, Maeda A, Akiba I, Bujo H, et al. Selective coupling with K" " currents of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in NG108-15 cells. Nature 1988 335(6188) 355-358. 

Fukuda K, Kubo T, Akiba I, Maeda A, Mishina M, Numa S (1987) Molecular distinction between muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. Nature 327(6123) 623-625... 

Levey, A, Kitt, CA, Simmonds, WF, Price, DL and Brann, MR (1991) Identification and localisation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor proteins in brain with subtype specific antibodies. J. Neurosci. 11 3218-3226. 

Jakubik J, Bacakova L, El-Fakahany EE, Tucek S. Subtype selectivity of the positive allosteric action of alcuronium at cloned M M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995 274 1077-1083. 

Tsuga, H., Kameyama, K., Haga, T., Honma, T., Lameh, J., and Sadee, W. (1998) Internalization and down-regulation of human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor m2 subtypes. Role of third intracellular m2 loop and G protein- coupled receptor kinase 2. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 5323-5330. 

Some years ago, a F-labeled analog of dexetimide, 4-[ F]fluorodexetimide (4-[ F]FDEX), was suggested as potential non-subtype-selective muscarinic receptor radioligand for the imaging of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor... 

Serotonin is involved in a number of diverse activities, including an important role in emesis. Four main subtypes of 5-HT receptor have been discovered, each having specific roles. The 5-HT3 receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel similar to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, whereas 5-HTl, 5-HT2 and 5-HT4 are G protein-coupled receptors. 5-HT3 receptors are located both pre-and postsynaptically on neurones in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the CNS they are present in high concentrations in the area postrema, and peripherally in the upper GIT. 

In the central nervous system muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are more abundant than nicotinic receptors. They consist of single-chain proteins of mass 70 kDa. They are not ion channels but are 7-helix receptors homologous in sequence with P-adrenergic receptors (Fig. 11-6) and with rhodopsin.648 Five different subtypes (M1-M5) have been characterized. 

Caulfield MP, Birdsall NJ (1998) International Union of Pharmacology. XVII. Classification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 50 279-90 Caulfield MP, Robbins J, Higashida H, Brown DA (1993) Postsynaptic actions of acetyl-choline the coupling of muscarinic receptor subtypes to neuronal ion channels. Progr Brain... 

Langer SZ (1997) 25 years since the discovery of presynaptic receptors present knowledge and future perspectives. Trends Pharmacol Sci 18 95-9 Langer SZ, Duval N, Massingham R (1985) Pharmacologic and therapeutic significance of a-adrenoceptor subtypes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 7 Sl-8 Levey AI (1993) Immunological localization of M1-M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in peripheral tissues and brain. Life Sci 52 441-8... 

Hayashi MK, Haga T. Palmitoylation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor m2 subtypes reduction in their ability to activate G proteins by mutation of a putative palmitoylation site, cysteine 457, in the carboxyl-terminal tail. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997 340(2) 376-382. 

Rouse ST, Levey Al. 1997. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor immunoreactivity after hippocampal commissural/associ-ational pathway lesions Evidence for multiple presynaptic receptor subtypes. J Comp Neurol 380 382-394. 

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