Muscarine toxicology

Muscarine, an alkaloid from certain species of mushrooms, is a muscarinic receptor agonist. The compound has toxicologic importance muscarine poisoning will produce all of the effects that are associated with an overdose of ACh (e.g., bronchocon strict ion, bradycardia, hypotension, excessive salivary and respiratory secretion, and sweating). Poisoning by muscarine is treated with atropine. 

What is the toxicological significance of Amanita phalloides, Amanita virosa, and Gyromita esculental What are psilocybin and muscarine ... 

Honda, H., Tomizawa, M., and Casida, J.E., Insect muscarinic acetylcholine receptor Pharmacological and toxicological profiles of antagonists and agonists, j. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 2276, 2007. 

Jett, D.A, Lein, P.J. (2006). Noncholinesterase mechanisms of central and peripheral neurotoxicity muscarinic receptors and other targets. In Toxicology of Organophosphate and... 

Howard MD, Pope CN. In vitro effects of chlorpyrifos, parathion, methyl parathion and their oxons on cardiac muscarinic receptor binding in neonatal and adult rats. Toxicology 2002 170(1—2) 1—10. 

Eriksson P, Lundkvist U, Fredricksson A. 1991. Neonatal exposure to 3,3, 4,4 -tetrachlorobiphenyl changes in spontaneous behaviour and cholinergic muscarinic receptors in the adult mouse. Toxicology 69 27-34. 

The development of selective muscarinic agonists, thus, has been a major focus of the pharmaceutical industry for the past decade. Many compounds have been synthesized and tested for muscarinic activity, and a few compounds have been introduced into clinical trials. Although compounds like xanomeline (see Fig. 1) have exhibited some beneficial activity in Alzheimer s patients, unwanted side effects have limited their utility. In an attempt to develop ligands with improved activity and selectivity, we synthesized a series of amidine derivatives, including 5-(3-ethyl -1,2,4- oxadiazol -5-y 1) -1,4,5,6- tetrahydropyrimidine trifluboroacetic acid (CDD-0102), and compared its pharmacological, behavioral and toxicological properties with xanomeline. 

D. A. Jett and P. J. Lein, Noncholinesterase mechanisms of central neurotoxicity muscarinic receptors and other targets in Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds, ed. R. Gupta, Academic Press, San Diego, 2006, pp. 233-245. 

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