Munroe, Charles

Munroe, Charles Edward (1849—1938). Leader in the development of expls in the USA. Inventor of the first American smokeless powder, Indurite (qv), and discoverer of the Munroe Effect (See Detonation, Munroe-Neumann Effect (Or Shaped Charge Effect) in Vol 4, D442-R to D454-L). Professor of chemistry at the US Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md, 1874—1886 chemist at the Naval Torpedo Station and Naval War College, Newport, RJ, 1886—1892 professor of chemistry at George Washington University, 1892—1917 and chief expls chemist of the US Bureau of Mines, 1919—1933. Author and co-author of numerous publications on expls Refs 1) H,W. Wiley, 1EC 15, 648-9 (1923)... 

Bull. 17. A Primer on Explosives for Coal Miners, by Charles E. Munroe and Clarence Hall. 

Fiovite 10. Charles Edward Munroe (1919-1938). Leader in the develop-meot of explosives i the United States. Invented mdnrite. a variety of smokeless powder, and discovered the Munroe effect. Professor of chemistry at the U. 8. Naval Academy. Annapolis. Maryland. 1874-1886 chemist at the Naval Toipedo Station and Naval War College. Newport, Rhode Island. 1886-1892 professor of chemistry at George Washington University. 1892-1917 and chief explosives chemist of the U. S. Bureau of Mines in Washington. 1919-1933. Author and co-author of many very valuable publications of (he Bureau of Mines. 

XX. 1888. The shaped charge effect was accidentally discovered by Charles E. Munroe, an American scientist, at the Naval Academy. Munroe... 

Kevles, The Physicists The History of a Scientific Community in Modern America, 102-18, 137-38. War Activities of the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National Academy of Sciences, NAS-NRC Central File, 1919-1923, Division of NRC, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Activities Charles E. Munroe to George Ellery Hale, March 21, 1919, NAS-NRC Central File, 1914-1918, Division of NRC, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Committee on Explosives Investigations, 1919. 

In 1888 Charles E. Munroe noticed that when a block of guncotton with the manufacturer s name stamped into it was detonated with its lettered surface against a metal plate, the letters were indented into the surface of the plate. If letters were raised in relief above the surface of the guncotton then the letters on the plate would also be raised above its surface. This is now known as the Munroe effect. The Munroe effect refers to the partial focusing of blast energy caused by a hollow or void cut into a piece of explosive. 

Charles B. Dudley Charles E. Munroe Edward Williams Morley William McMurtrie Frank Wigglesworth Clarke... 

Munroe, 1908. Charles E. Munroe. Chemicals and Allied Products . In Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of the Census. Manufactures 1905. Part IV. Special Reports on Selected Industries. 397 512. Bulletin 92. 

Baskerville etah, 1902. Charles Baskerville, Louis Kahlenberg, Charles E. Munroe, William A. Noyes, and Edgar Fahs Smith. Report of the Census Committee . In Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the American Chemical Society. New York City, April Twelfth and Thirteenth, 1901, 99-137. Easton, Penna. Chemical Publishing Company. 

Browne, 1939. C. A. Browne. Charles Edward Munroe, 1849-1938 . Journal of the American Chemical Society 61 1301-1316. 

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