Multiyear projects

To make a decision about investing in a project, more than just cash flows need to be taken into account. Cash flows are reasonably clear-cut, whereas using earnings as a criterion in a multiyear project involves a number of accounting and legal decisions that affect the profitability. 

Multiyear projects with self-funding, short-term ivins. This allows the program to be sustained by its own cash flow benefits. Targeting immediate benefits satisfies the need of many executives for tangible results. 

Liability insurance Budgeting for hiring new personnel Budgeting for long-term or multiyear projects Allowance for unforeseen emergencies... 

Finding 9. Cost containment efforts in the closure of JACADS are fragmented and have been inhibited by the absence of a total project cost baseline estimate for the Army and all contractors supporting closure activities. A multiyear program cost estimate and schedule that encompasses all closure costs is essential for the cost-effective completion of the JACADS closure campaign. Costs will probably change as the closure project evolves. 

In custom manufacturing, a typical project starts with the acceptance of the product idea, which comes mainly from business development, by the new product committee, followed by the preparation of a laboratory process, and ends with the successful completion of demonstration runs on industrial scale and the signature of a multiyear supply contract, respectively. The technical... 

The group, or individual projects contained therein, should be of a multiyear or continuing nature. In particular, key leadership and analytical personnel should have a high... 

There are at least four kinds of collaboration between academia and the pharmaceutical industry. The two most common are project-specific research support and consulting arrangements with pharmaceutical firms. Two less common forms of collaboration-large-scale, multiyear, investments in academic research centers by private companies and ownership or control of industrial firms by a university or its faculty— have received much more popular attention in recent years, perhaps because of their novelty in the life sciences and their potential impact on traditional academic values and norms of behavior (228). 

From 1992 to 1996, the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (NCMS), a not-for-profit cooperative research consortium of more than 200 North American manufacturers, national laboratories, and universities, carried out a multiyear effort to develop Pb-free alternatives to Pb-based solders used for electronics assembly [2]. The proposed Reid bill, banning or taxing the use of lead in electronics, sensitized the microelectronics industry to the possible need to remove Pb from solders, and led to the formation of this project. The total cost of the research project was 10.6 million, with approximately 1 million coming from Department of Defense funds and the balance from in-kind contributions. Participating organizations and primary technical contacts are presented in Table 1. 

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