Multistage continuous

J. M. Pinto and I.E. Grosmann, 1994, Optimal cyclic. scheduling of multistage continuous multiproduct plants. Comp, and Chem. Eng. 18. 

FIGURE 16.5 The relationship of batch (simple) distillation to single and multistage continuous distillation. (Reprinted from Reuben and Burstall [43], courtesy of M.L. Burstall.)... 

Both the UF and the HF systems are multistage continuous plants according to the concept on figure 4. 

S. Okonogi, Progress in practice of membrane separation techniques in dairy industry, Nihon Shokuhin Kougyou Gakkaishi (J. Food Ind. Jpn.), 1985, 32, 144—155 Y. Kobuchi and H. Motomura, Demineralization of whey by multistage continuous electrodialysis, International Membrane Technology Conference, Nov. 8-10 (1983), Sydney. 

Single or multistage continuous chlorination gives higher yields of polychlorinated benzene at any chlorination level than batch chlorination. 

Reports on truly continuous precipitation on an industrial scale are a rarity. The study by Stevenson (1964), therefore, is quite interesting not only because it reports a pilot-plant study of a continuous precipitation (of ammonium di-uranate by reacting uranyl nitrate solution with ammonia) but also because a design route for a multistage continuous unit operated with feedback is proposed. Regrettably, there does not appear to have been any follow-up to this work. 

Prokop A, Eriksson LE, Fernandez J, Humphrey AE. (1969) Design and physical characteristics of a multistage, continuous tower fermentor. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 2 945-966. 

Dale MC, Moelhman M. (2009). Enzymatic Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of Biomass to Ethanol in a Pilot 130 Liter Multistage Continuous Reactor Separator. Tech. Rep. Bio-Process Innovation, Inc., W. Lafayette, IN. 

The alchemists of the Middle East were familiar as early as the first century AD with the technique of distillation which was necessary to separate the ethanol from the water. Indeed, developments of their simple pot stills were used to prepare concentrated spirits with a high ethanol content (say 500 g 1 well before the Industrial Revolution. Yet the true industrial production of ethanol directly from a crude fermentaion broth with its high solids content became possible only after Aeneas Coffey, working in Dublin, developed his multistage continuous still in 1830 (Figure 6.1). The last traces of water in the azeotrope which the still produced were removed with a drying agent. 

Pb(C2H5)4 vapor can be removed from exhaust air in multistage continuous adsorption in a fluidized bed of activated carbon [486]. The composition of waste gases formed during the production of Pb(C2H5)4 has been determined by gas chromatography [690]. 

Fig. 24.11. Multistage continuous fermentor with step feeding.

Figure 12. Multistage continuous bioreactor with step feeding...

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