Multiplying success, defined

The given ratio helps to determine aliased/confounded effects. For this, it is necessary to multiply successively both sides of the defining contrast by factors from matrix columns. Factor X4 is in this case obtained ... 

The yield defined by Equation 4.6-4 is always a fraction it may also be expressed as a percentage by multiplying by 100%. If A is the desired product and B is an undesired product, one then refers to the selectivity of A relative to B. High values of the yield and selectivity signify that the undesired side reactions have been successfully suppressed relative to the desired reaction. 

Stem cells are progenitor cells which are not yet specifically formed. They can multiply almost infinitely and form nearly all 210 tissue types in the human being. Depending on their derivation, they are defined as follows .) embryonal (= taken from the inner cell mass of the blastocysts), (2.) foetal (= isolated from 5-9 week-old abortive foetuses, and (5.) adult (= taken from the tissue of adults or children by means of biopsy or from the umbilical cord of newborns. Adult stem cells are limited in number and life span they do, however, have a broader development potential than so far assumed. They have also been found in the liver. The transformation of stem cells from the bone marrow into hepatocytes has been carried out successfully. Liver stem cells (7-15 gm) can develop both primary cell types of the liver, (7.) mature hepatocytes and (2.) biliary epithelial cells. These stem cells are deemed to be genuine liver stem cells, and not merely derived from the activation of immature oval cells in the liver. (54,59, 60, 81) (s. fig. 2.20)... 

The transferability of a valence effective Hamiltonian defined on H2 to H clusters therefore faces a series of basic difficulties, which leaves little hope of success. The situation would be even worse of course if one dealt with boron or carbon atoms since for C2 already one should introduce strongly hybridized (for instance C(p ) + C(p )) or m tiply ionic (for instance C -I- C (s p )) states which are unbound. The choice of the target space is already impossible on the diatom, and the definition of an exact (Bloch, des Cloizeaux,...) effective Hamiltonian from knowledge of the spectrum of the diatom is either impossible or perfectly arbitrary. Even if it were possible, the treatment of B4 or C4 would introduce some multiply ionic valence determinants for which the assessment of an effective energy would be impossible. 

For reasons that will become clear when we come to discuss simple polymers like polyethylene, the chemistry of the polypeptide chain allows only two angles of twist between any two successive amino acid residues. All the same, with, say, 100 residues in the chain, the number of possible combinations of all the angles of twist in the chain is in other words, 2 multiplied by itself 100 times, which works out as 1 followed by thirty Os, a number of astronomical magnitude. The time needed for a protein chain to explore all these possibilities at random in order to find the one correct combination that defines the native state would be something close to the age of the Earth. Yet some proteins can accomplish the feat in a few microseconds (millionths of a... 

Hence, it is necessary to calculate the covered probability during selection process. The first condition of covered masks is still requested to guarantee that the propagating errors will not affect the known-one bits. Under this premise, all possible covered masks are called partial coverable masks. If m2 is one of the partial coverable masks of mi, the concrete partial coverable probability will be defined as the coverable ratio, which is the width of known-zero bits of mi comparing with m2 s, multiplied by the masking probability of m2 for the successive instruction of mi, written in formally using Equation (2) ... 

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