Multiple chemical sensitivity description

Amundsen MA, Hanson NP, Bruce BK, et al Odor aversion or multiple chemical sensitivities recommendation for a name change and description of successful behavioral medicine treatment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 24 S116-S118,1996 Anderson JA, Chai H, Claman HN, et al Position statements clinical ecology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 78 269-271, 1986... 

The multimedia model present in the 2 FUN tool was developed based on an extensive comparison and evaluation of some of the previously discussed multimedia models, such as CalTOX, Simplebox, XtraFOOD, etc. The multimedia model comprises several environmental modules, i.e. air, fresh water, soil/ground water, several crops and animal (cow and milk). It is used to simulate chemical distribution in the environmental modules, taking into account the manifold links between them. The PBPK models were developed to simulate the body burden of toxic chemicals throughout the entire human lifespan, integrating the evolution of the physiology and anatomy from childhood to advanced age. That model is based on a detailed description of the body anatomy and includes a substantial number of tissue compartments to enable detailed analysis of toxicokinetics for diverse chemicals that induce multiple effects in different target tissues. The key input parameters used in both models were given in the form of probability density function (PDF) to allow for the exhaustive probabilistic analysis and sensitivity analysis in terms of simulation outcomes [71]. 

The first step in systematic emulsion breaking is to characterize the emulsion in terms of its nature (O/W, W/O, or multiple), the number and nature of immiscible phases, the presence of a protective interfacial film around the droplets, and the sensitivity of the emulsifiers. In oilfield W/O emulsions, a stabUizing interfacial film can be formed from the asphaltene and resin fractions of the crude oil. This causes special problems because if the films are viscoelastic then a mechanical barrier to coalescence exists, which may be quite intractable and yield a high degree of emulsion stability. More detaUed descriptions are given in references [J33-J35]. Based on an emulsion characterization, a chemical addition could be made to neutralize the effect of the emulsifier, followed by mechanical means to complete the phase separation. 

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