Multifunctional Nanoparticle

Generalized fabrication of multifunctional nanoparticle assemblies on silica spheres. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 45 (29), 4789—4793. 

Liong M, Angelos S, Choi E, Patel K, Stoddart JF, Zink JI (2009) Mesostructured multifunctional nanoparticles for imaging and drug delivery. J Mater Chem 19 6251-6257... 

Kopelman R, Lee Koo Y, Philbert M, Moffat BA, Ramachandra Reddy G, McConville P, Hall DE, Chenevert TL, Bhojani MS, Buck SM, Rehemtulla A, Ross BD (2005) Multifunctional nanoparticle platforms for in vivo MRI enhancement and photodynamic therapy of a rat brain cancer. J Magn Magn Mater 293 404-410... 

Fig. 4 Schematic illustration of synthesis of multifunctional nanoparticles starting from a w/o microemulsion, b solubilization of fluorescent dye in the microemulsion core, c formation of silica nanoparticle and encapsulation of fluorescent dye, d condensation of silane ligand and chelation of Gd(lll), e post coating with silica, and f extraction of nanoparticles...

Fig. 8.9 A multifunctional nanoparticle the cRGD sequence binds to a cell surface, the nanoparticle is absorbed by endocytosis and can be tracked by a fluorescent dye before the particle disintegrates to deliver short interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences [23]...

Rhyner MN et al. (2006) Quantum dots and multifunctional nanoparticles New contrast... 

Rapoport N, Gao Z, Kennedy A. Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Combining Ultrasonic Tumor Imaging and Targeted Chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007 99 1095-1106. 

N. Sanvicens and M. P. Marco, Multifunctional nanoparticles—properties and prospects for their use in human medicine. Trends BiotechnoL, 26 (2008) 425 33. 

Tat-SH, containing a C-terminal cysteine. They also showed that the multifunctional nanoparticles are indeed interesting materials for drug delivery applications. 

M. Akbulut, S.M. D Addio, M.E. Gindy, R.K. Prud hoimne, Novel methods of targeted drug delivery the potential of multifunctional nanoparticles. Expert. Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. 2 (2009) 265-282. 

A. Wang, K. Yuet, L. Zhang, M. Huynh-Le, A. Radovic-Moreno, P. Kantoff, et ah, ChemoRad nanoparticles a novel multifunctional nanoparticle platform for targeted delivery of concurrent chemora-diation. Nanomedicine 5 (2010) 361-368. 

Nanodrug delivery for tumor treatment involves the introduction of nanodrug-loaded multifunctional nanoparticles into cancer patients to eliminate/reduce tumors while minimizing systemic toxicity. Currently, this is being attempted through various techniques which take advantage of local blood flow pattern and unique characteristics of cancer cells and the... 

Fig. 1 Sample organic and inorganic multifunctional nanoparticles with drugs, ligands, and/or imaging agents...

There are countless fabrication techniques available for producing multifunctional nanoparticles. For liposomes, one such method is called the film hydration technique. In it, multilamellar liposomes are spontaneously formed after a dried lipid solution is exposed to an aqueous solution and mechanically agitated [23]. For unilamellar liposomes, the extrusion technique can be utilized in which multilamellar liposomes are extmded through a porous membrane in the presence of the drug and then undergo a freeze-thaw... 

In order to maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity, much effort has been placed on the formulation of multifunctional nanoparticles for visuahzation, targeting, and treatment of sohd tumors or inflamed tissue [44]. Of the various components of drug delivery systems (DDSs), the physico-biochemical properties of the dmg carrier (i.e., the formulation), the optimal targeting methodology, and the delivery device are most critical for successful treatment of these diseases. Present multifunctional NPs include carriers... 

Kleinstreuer C, Childress EM, Kennedy AS (2013) Targeted drug delivery multifunctional nanoparticles and direct micro-drug delivery to tumors. In Becker SM, Kuznetsov AV (eds) Transport in biological media. Elsevier, Amsterdam... 

Wu J, Ye ZQ, Wang GL, Ynan JL. Multifunctional nanoparticles possessing magnetic, long-hved fluorescence and bio-affinity properties for time-resolved fluorescence cell imaging. Talanta 2007 72(5) 1693. 

SPIONs can he produced as multifunctional nanoparticles by following various strategies to fabricate theranostic iron oxide nanoparticles such as (1) drug-conjugated/loaded polymeric micelles loaded with SPIONs, (2) SPIONs coated with drug, and (3) PTT or PDT agent with SPIONs. 

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