Multication oxides

X-ray diffraction results of the calcined powders at different temperatures showed that, single-phase LSFM powders were obtained at 550°C with PVA, CA, or EDTA as the carrier materials. This result indicated that organic precursor method is an efficient technique to synthesize multication oxides. According to the author s best knowledge, Sr-doped LaFe03, a three-cation oxide material, could be synthesized at 1,200°C with some amount of undesired phases.15 However, synthesis of LSFM is reported here for the first time. 

It is possible to prepare thin foils from hard materials by mechanical methods alone. This is especially useful for modern nonmetallic electronic materials such as compound semiconductors and multication oxides. These materials are not easily polished chemically, and ion beams can cause unequal... 

Magnesium indium oxide (Mglu204) is a multication oxide having two types of cation centers possessing different reductive-oxidative and acid-base properties. Also, participating in the processes of the alcohol molecule transformation causes high sensor response when alcohol detection is considered. The centers of one type can suitably participate in adsorption-desorption processes of alcohol molecules, whereas complete oxidation of intermediates proceeds effectively at the centers of another type. 

Thus, the sonochemical synthesis can be used as an effective manufacturing method for metals and their alloys as well as oxides and multication oxide phases of nanoferroics. The results of sonochemical syntheses of various ferroics are presented in Table 5.8. 

The nanostructures synthesis from organometallic unstable precursors can occur under controlled conditions. As a result, the nanoparticles have been specified by size, its distribution, stoichiometry and shape. The choice of organometallic compounds ligands can not only define the character of resulting cationic complex inorganic phases, the morphology of future nanoparticles (spheres, rods, cubes, wires), but can also affect their self-organization in one-, two-and three-dimensional clusters [338]. This approach is fruitful for the synthesis of nanoparticles of metals and alloys, simple and multication oxides and other compounds that exhibit ferroic properties. 

It is also possible to precipitate multimetal ions to obtain multicomponent LDHs. For example, Morpurgo et al. synthesized several multication LDHs, such as CuZnCoAlCr- and CuZnCoCr-LDHs (192-194). This procedure suggests a general way to synthesize a number of LDHs as the precursors of mixed oxides with versatile functionalities, especially through incorporation of some rare earth metal cations (with radius from 0.085 to 0.100 nm), as has been done by Perez-Ramirez et al. (163,165). However, the overall ratio of divalent to trivalent cations should be kept in the range of 0.2-0.4. 

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