Multi simulation

HLA (High Level Architecture) standard (by IEEE) and MSI (Multi-Simulator Interface) program (Rubin et al., 2006) focused on modeUing of system interdependencies to enable federated simulations. However, environments based on these approaches are not suitable to simulating CIs (Tofani et al., 2012 Masucci et al., 2009) ... 

Consta S, Wilding N B, Frenkel D and Alexandrowicz Z 1999 Recoil growth an efficient simulation method for multi-... 

As a second example, results from a TOP ERDA measurement for a multi-element sample are shown in Fig. 3.65 [3.171]. The sample consists of different metal-metal oxide layers on a boron silicate glass. The projectiles are 120-MeV Kr ions. It can be seen that many different recoil ions can be separated from the most intense line, produced by the scattered projectiles. Figure 3.66 shows the energy spectra for O and Al recoils calculated from the measured TOF spectra, together with simulated spectra using the SIMNRA code. The concentration and thickness of the O and Al layers are obtained from the simulations. 

HGSystem offers the most rigorous treatments of HF source-term and dispersion analysis a ailable for a public domain code. It provides modeling capabilities to other chemical species with complex thermodynamic behavior. It treats aerosols and multi-component mixtures, spillage of a liquid non-reactive compound from a pressurized vessel, efficient simulations of time-dependent... 

Pelletret R. COMES V3.0 A new simulation environment for multi-zone air flow modelling. RoomVent 96 conference, Tokyo, May 1996. 

Van den Berg, A. C. 1990. BLAST—A code for numerical simulation of multi-dimensional blast effects. TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory report. 

Spalding, D. B. 1981. A general purpose computer program for multi-dimensional one- and two-phase flow. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, IMACS, XXll. 267-276. 

Preparative chromatography has been used for chiral separations for years, but examples of multi-kg separations (and hence larger ones) were rare until recently. The development of SMB techniques (both hardware and simulation software) has made major breakthroughs in this field. The ability of SMB as a development tool has allowed the pharmaceutical manufacturer to obtain kilo grams quantities of enantiopure drug substances as well benefit from the economics of large-scale production. 

Swarm is a multi-agent simulation platform for the study of complex adaptive systems. It is currently under development at the Santa Fe Institute ... 

An approach to overcome the multi minima problem of proteins is simulated annealing (SA) run. Besides global molecular properties such as structural and thermal motions, functional properties of fast biological reactions can also be studied by MD. 

Thus the interacting multi-electron system can be simulated by the noninteracting electrons under the influence of the effective potential l eff(r)- Kohn and Sham [51] took advantage of the fact that the case of non-interacting electrons allows an exact computation of the particle density and kinetic energy as... 

The rapid rise in computer speed over recent years has led to atom-based simulations of liquid crystals becoming an important new area of research. Molecular mechanics and Monte Carlo studies of isolated liquid crystal molecules are now routine. However, care must be taken to model properly the influence of a nematic mean field if information about molecular structure in a mesophase is required. The current state-of-the-art consists of studies of (in the order of) 100 molecules in the bulk, in contact with a surface, or in a bilayer in contact with a solvent. Current simulation times can extend to around 10 ns and are sufficient to observe the growth of mesophases from an isotropic liquid. The results from a number of studies look very promising, and a wealth of structural and dynamic data now exists for bulk phases, monolayers and bilayers. Continued development of force fields for liquid crystals will be particularly important in the next few years, and particular emphasis must be placed on the development of all-atom force fields that are able to reproduce liquid phase densities for small molecules. Without these it will be difficult to obtain accurate phase transition temperatures. It will also be necessary to extend atomistic models to several thousand molecules to remove major system size effects which are present in all current work. This will be greatly facilitated by modern parallel simulation methods that allow molecular dynamics simulations to be carried out in parallel on multi-processor systems [115]. 

Wu, L., and Bogy, D. B., Numerical Simulation of the Slider Air Bearing Probiem of Hard Disk Drives by Two Multi-dimensionai Unstructured Triangular Meshes," /. of Computational Physics, Vol. 172,2001, pp. 640-657. 

Computer simulations have been useful for validating a kinetic model that Is not easily tested. The model was equally capable of describing multi-site polymerizations which can undergo either first or second order deactivation. The model parameters provided reasonably accurate kinetic information about the Initial active site distribution. Simulation results were also used as aids for Interpretation of experimental data with encouraging results. 

The authors developed a multi-layered microreactor system with a methanol reforma- to supply hydrogen for a small proton exchange membrane fiiel cell (PEMFC) to be used as a power source for portable electronic devices [6]. The microreactor consists of four units (a methanol reformer with catalytic combustor, a carbon monoxide remover, and two vaporizers), and was designed using thermal simulations to establish the rppropriate temperature distribution for each reaction, as shown in Fig. 3. 

In most cases the only appropriate approach to model multi-phase flows in micro reactors is to compute explicitly the time evolution of the gas/liquid or liquid/ liquid interface. For the motion of, e.g., a gas bubble in a surrounding liquid, this means that the position of the interface has to be determined as a function of time, including such effects as oscillations of the bubble. The corresponding transport phenomena are known as free surface flow and various numerical techniques for the computation of such flows have been developed in the past decades. Free surface flow simulations are computationally challenging and require special solution techniques which go beyond the standard CFD approaches discussed in Section 2.3. For this reason, the most common of these techniques will be briefly introduced in... 

Haedt, S., Schonfeld, F., Simulation of hydrodynamics in multi-phase microreactors, in Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Computional Mechanics, WCCM, 7-12 July 2002, Vienna... 

This plate cuts the flow into pieces which are better defined than the poorly defined ones obtained by the first-generation caterpillar mini mixer. In addition, the micro structure geometry was improved by means of simulation. As a result, near-ideal multi-lamination flow patterns were yielded (Figure 4.23), which showed excellent correspondence with simulation [50]. 

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