Multi-laminating mixing

No details on mixer] [no protocol] Recently, the interplay between reaction kinetics and multi-lamination has been theoretically analyzed for the first time [ 129]. Selected types of reactions, based on different scenarios of the elemental main, side and consecutive reactions, were defined which are common in organic synthesis. For these reactions simple, but nonetheless valuable, kinetic equations were assumed. For the multi-lamination mixing also selected scenarios were taken, including small... 

Separation layer mixers use either a miscible or non-miscible layer between the reacting solutions, in the first case most often identical with the solvent used [48]. By this measure, mixing is postponed to a further stage of process equipment. Accordingly, reactants are only fed to the reaction device, but in a defined, e.g. multi-lamination-pattem like, fluid-compartment architecture. A separation layer technique inevitably demands micro mixers, as it is only feasible in a laminar flow regime, otherwise turbulent convective flow will result in plugging close to the entrance of the mixer chamber. 

Micro mixers permit mixing times much below 1 s. Some multi-lamination micro mixers even approach sub-millisecond mixing [40]. Therefore, mixing can performed faster than most knovm reactions, including fast radical polymerizations. 

Bifurcation Multi-laminating Diffusive Mixing Most Relevant Citations... 

Interdigital Multi-laminating Diffusive Mixing (Normal and Focusing)... 

Considering the width of typical interdigital outlets, which are of the order of several tens of microns, it stands to reason that multi-lamination on its own is a rather slow mixing process, typically needing liquid mixing times of the order of seconds (see Figure 1.76 and, e.g., [34]). 

M 42] [P 39] In a slit-type interdigital micro mixer, first mufti-lamination patterns are created [20,124], Then, the multi-laminated stream is introduced into a chamber of larger cross-section. A jet is formed and induces two eddies in the dead zones adjacent to the initial channel (see Figure 1.97). Mixing is not completed within the chamber, as evidenced by the non-uniform color distribution. The contribution of the jet mixing to the total mixing is unclear. 

This cyclone mixer comprises a cylindrical mixing chamber with many nozzles, arranged on the circular arc of the chamber (see Figure 1.113) [131]. At the the center of the floor of the chamber an outlet hole collects the multi-laminated streams. 

Theoretical analysis of mixing via symmetric and asymmetric multi-lamination... 

Star laminators are high-capacity multi-lamination micromixers. Unlike the other mixers discussed here, these devices often exhibit a turbulent flow regime caused by their large flows and internal volume. They are made by stacking plates with characteristic star-like openings. Mixers using this configuration have been reported to effectively mix 3.5 m h [65]. 

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