Motion energy conversions

A fuel cell is equivalent to a generator it converts a fuel s chemical energy directly into electricity. The main difference between these energy conversion devices is that the fuel cell acccomplishes this directly, "without the two additional intermediate steps, heat release and mechanical motion. 

The changes of modes of motion also indicate the occurrence of energy conversion, e.g., part of the dynamic energy of the flow is converted to vibration energy and... 

The energy conversion from light to mechanical response is one of the most fascinating targets in or nic photochromic systems. Section 15.2 already indicated the light-driven droplet displacement. This section introduces the motion of Az polymers themselves. Rapid motions observed here mi t allow for applications of actuators of polymer-based micromachine systems. The photoinduced surface-relief generation described in the latter part of this section (Section 15.4.2) deals with much thicker films than monolayers. Howevei the mass miration in thicker films is closely related to the structure and properties of the monolayer systems. 

Crutzen, P.J., Energy conversions and mean vertical motions in the high latitude summer mesosphere and lower thermosphere, in Mesospheric Models and Related Experiments. G. Fiocco (ed.), D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, 1971. 

Brinkman s equation represents a variant of the effective medium approximation, which does not describe explicitly the generation of non-laminar liquid motion and conversion of the in-plane surface motion into the normal-to-interface liquid motion. These effects result in additional channels of energy dissipation, which are effectively included in the model by introduction of the Darcy-like resistive force. 

ATTENUATION - The sound reduction process in which sound energy is absorbed or diminished in intensity as the result of energy conversion from sound to motion or heat. 

There are three groups of instruments, furnishing information to the operator and to the control system (1) the reactor instruments measuring neutron flux or power level, (2) the rod position and motion indicators, and-(3) the instruments for the auxiliary facilities and energy conversion and storage. These groups will be discussed in the order mentioned. The way in which the instrument signals are presented to the operator, recorded, or used in the control system will be discussed in later sections. 

Whether the function of a molecular machine is to produce motion or convert one form of chemical energy into another or to perform any of several other energy conversion functions of biology and whether dysfunction occurs that results in disease and/or death, in our view, there exists a common groundwork of expla-nation, " that is, there occurs a consilient mech-... 

Synthetic Model Protein Machines Emulate Energy Conversions of Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Motion... 

The energy conversions that produce motion in living organisms consist of two distinct but interlinked physical processes of hydrophobic association and elastic force development, collectively referred to as consilient mechanisms in that they each provide a common groundwork of explanation. The association of oil-like domains, hydrophobic association, has been characterized in terms of the comprehensive hydrophobic effect (CHE), and elastic force development has been described in terms of the damping of internal chain dynamics on deformation, whether deformation occurs by extension, compression or solvent-mediated repulsion (see section E.4.1.2 and Figures E.3 and E.4, below). 

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