Motion conversions

FIG. 8 71 Doiihlc-acting pLston rotaw actuator with Icvca and tilting piston for motion conversion, (Cowiesij h isher- Roseinoiml.)... 

Different lengths of chains play different roles in controlling polymer properties. For instance, shorter chains flow more readily.in the molten state and are more readily incorporated into crystallites because they have fewer entanglements to impede their motion. Conversely, longer chains tend to resist flow and impede crystallization. 

Friction and the changing mechanical advantage of these motion conversion mechanisms mean the available torque may vary greatly with travel. One notable exception is vane-style rotary actuators whose offset piston pivots, giving direct rotary output. 

The constant k can be interpreted as the ratio of the electrostatic potential energy at contact to the thermal energy kT. For like charge, k is greater than zero, so Wc > 1 and the coagulation is retarded from that of pure Brownian motion. Conversely, for k < 0 (unlike charges), Wc < 1 and the coagulation rate is enhanced. 

In the spectra of nonrandomly oriented polymers, the intensity and polarization of the Raman scattered light are dependent on the polarization of the exciting light relative to the orientation of the molecules (35). If the orientation of the molecules is known, comparison of spectra recorded with different polarizations of the exciting light yields useful information about the directionality of the vibrational motions. Conversely, information about molecular orientation can be gained if the directionality of the vibrations is... 

For relationships that give ground motion as a function of MMI (intensity to ground-motion conversion equations, IGMCE), consider Faenza and Michelini (2010) for Italy, Murphy, and O Brien (1977) for anywhere in the world and Trifunac and Brady (1975) for the western United States. Unless explicitly stated, GMICE and IGMCE relationships are not... 

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