Motion detection

Figure 3 Time scale of motions detected by a variety of NMR measurements including relaxation parameters, and analyses of line shape, SLF and exchanges.

Free-standing sensors—These sensors, which include active infrared, passive infrared, bistatic microwave, monostatic microwave, dual-technology, and video motion detection (VMD) sensors, consist of individual sensor units or components that can be set up in a variety of configurations to meet a user s needs. They are installed aboveground, and depending on how they are oriented relative to each other, they can be used to establish a protected perimeter or a protected space. More details on each of these sensor types are provided below. 

A more sophisticated method for automated trajectory analysis and mode of motion detection provides the use of a rolling-window algorithm. The algorithm described by Arcizet et al. [45,46] reliably separates the active and passive states of particles and extracts the velocity during active states as well as the diffusion coefficients during passive states (Fig. 5). It takes into account that active transport by microtubules is characteristically directional over a certain time and measures... 

A comparison of the different types of motion of the three different variants allows the correlation of the enzyme diffusion behavior with specific stages of the catalytic cycle. TLL, an enzyme which cannot interact strongly with phospholipid bilayers, was found to diffuse quickly on the POPC multilayers with no specific preference for the edge or the top of the layer. The motion detected is most likely associated with weak adsorption and desorption of the enzyme on the layer since the diffusion constant is 100 times slower than that expected for free diffusion in solution [42]. These motions correspond to parts A and eventually B of the catalytic cycle shown schematically in Fig. 25.8. 

The relative distribution of cells in the retina is a reflection of relationships among various neurons. The density of cells in the vertebrate retina varies with the retinal eccentricity. Most prominently, this variation is caused by the development of specialized regions such as area centralis (or fovea in primates). Much of the general-purpose retina (serving the purposes of low visual acuity and motion detection), typically in the mid-periphery, shows that the packing densities of the cells are related to each other. Their ratios can be correlated with the number of cell divisions that the progenitor cells would have to go through to achieve the observed cell number. 

Relationship between the photophysical processes and the molecular motions detectable... 

S. Beucher and C. Lantuejoul, In International Workshop on Image Processing, Real-Time Edge and Motion Detection/Estimation, 1979, pp. 17-21. 

D Angelo, L.T., Weber, S., Honda, Y., Thiel, T., Narbonneau, F., Luth, T.C., 2008. A system for respiratory motion detection using optical fibers embedded into textiles. In Proceedings of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. EMBS 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE. 

A stretchable carbon nanotube strain sensor for human-motion detection. Nat. Nanotechnol. 6, 296-301. 

Meyer, J., Lukowicz, P., Troster, G., 2006. Textile pressure sensor for muscle activity and motion detection. In 10th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, ll-14th October, Montreux, Switzerland, pp. 69 72. 

D. Suwelack, W.P. RothweU, J.S. Waugh, Slow molecular motion detected in the NMR spectra of rotating solids, J. Chem. Phys. 73 (1980) 2559—2569. 

In Fig. 3.11, velocity motion detected by the laser vibrometer is shown at the middle and that of Lamb s solution is shown at the bottom. Remaika-ble agreement is confirmed except the latter reflections in the detected wave. Because a concrete block was employed in the experiment, these reflected motions are observed. At the top, frequency spectrum of the detected wave is shown as a solid curve and is compared with that of Lamb s solution denoted by a broken curve. Reasonable agreement is again confirmed. This result suggests an application of the laser vibrometer for the absolute calibration instead of the capacitive transducer. 

Fig. 3.11. Lamb s solntions of velocity motions detected (middle) and calcnlated (bottom), and their freqnency spectra (top).

Fig. 8.3. Displacement motions detected at location A in a half space (solid curves in a) and b), compared with solutions in an infinite space (broken curve in a) and of the far-filed (broken curve in b).

Efforts to maintain security include everything from controlling access by vehicles and pedestrians to using hghting and motion detection alarms to detect intruders. 

Nonparametric approaches typically extract a set of features from each video frame. The features are then matched to a stored template. The template can be either 2D or 3D. When using nonparametric techniques, the typical procedures consist of motion detection and human tracking in the scene, which enables the construction of a sequence. Then, a periodicity index is computed and the periodicity sequence is segmented into individual cycles for recognition. 

Yamada, T., Hayamizu, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Yomogida, Y., Izadi-Najafabadi, A., Futaba, D., Hata, K., 2011. A stretchable carbon nanotube strain sensor for human-motion detection. Nature Nanotechnology 6, 296—301. 

Evidence for mobility within proteins comes from a variety of physical methods single crystal X-ray or neutron diffraction, electron microscopy, and spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, fluorescence depolarization, Mossbauer spectroscopy and H-exchange studies. Theoretical approaches such as potential-energy minimization and molecular-dynamics calculations may also be used to study flexibility. An illustration of the frequency range of the various thermal motions detected in proteins is given in Table 1. 

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