Mortality rate ratio

FIGURE 2.14 Estimated adjusted mortality rate ratios, taking the least polluted city, Portage, Wisconsin (P), as 1.0. T = Topeka, Kansas W = Watertown, Massachusetts L = St. Louis, Missouri H = Harriman, Tennessee S = Steubenville, Ohio. (Adapted from Dockery et at., 1993.)... 

Deaths, Mortality Rates, and Mortality-Rate Ratios among the Study Subjects According to Cause of Death and Sex... 

Figure 8 Estimated city-specific mortality rate ratios adjusted for age, sex, smoking, education, and body mass index, plotted against mean PM s concentrations in six U.S. cities. (From Ref 73.)...

Fig. 6.6 Effect of beta blockers on post-infarction mortality. Etifference in mortality rates is expressed as a percentage of control rate in six controlled trials of beta blockers (95% confidence intervals based on odds ratio consideration). Narrow confidence intervals are associated with the largest trials that are the major contributors to the pooled result.

Standardized mortality ratios were derived from mortality data for the soldiers (all males) who participated in the Edgewood tests and from U.S. mortality rates. For each class of chemicals, the mortality rates among the soldiers were not significantly higher than the rates of the U.S. population, categorized by age and calendar year. 

Another disadvantage of the trap-tree system is that the trap -trees remove large numbers of parasites and predators of the bark beetle. By selectively trapping bark beetles in pheromone baited traps, the ratio of natural enemies to bark beetles is increased. It is probable that this altered survivorship in turn may result in higher bark beetle mortality rates. 

Acute Lethality (include species and strain, number of animals, exposure concentrations and durations, mortality rates and ratios, time to death) (To maintain a standardized format, the order of animals shown below should be used.)... 

Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)— The ratio of a cause-specific mortality rate in an exposed cohort during a given period to the mortality rate of an unexposed cohort mortality rates are often adjusted for age or other confounding variables. 

Elevated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for nonmalignant respiratory disease, using mortality rates for U.S. males as reference, were calculated for both cohorts. Amandus and Wheeler (1987) reported an SMRof 2.43 (95% confidence interval [Cl] = 1.48, 3.75 20 observed deaths versus 8.2 expected), and... 

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