Morphology dispersed-continuous

M.E. Cordova, A.T. Lorenzo, A.J. Miillta-, L. Gani, S. Tence-Girault, L. Leibler, The influenee of blend morphology (co-continuous or sub-micrometer droplets dispersions) on the nucleation and crystallization kinetics of double crystalline polyethylene/polyamide blends prepared by reactive extrusion. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 212, 1335-1350 (2011)... 

BLEND MORPHOLOGY Dispersed or co-continuous STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL... 

Muller AJ, Arnal M, Lorenzo AT. Crystallization in nano-confined polymeric systems. In Piorkowska E, Rutledge G, editors. Handbook of polymer crystallization. Chapter 12, page 347-72, WUey sons, 2013. Cdrdova ME, Lorenzo AT, MUller AJ, Gani L, Tence-Girault S, Leibler L. The influence of blend morphology (co-continuous or sub-micrometer droplets dispersions) on the nucleation and crystallization... 

Fig. 8. Emulsion morphology diagram, illustrating where the microemulsion in various macroemulsion morphologies is a continuous phase or dispersed phase. Morphology boundaries (—), aqueous, continuous (--------------), oleic, continuous (--), microemulsion, continuous.

The flow behavior of the polymer blends is quite complex, influenced by the equilibrium thermodynamic, dynamics of phase separation, morphology, and flow geometry [2]. The flow properties of a two phase blend of incompatible polymers are determined by the properties of the component, that is the continuous phase while adding a low-viscosity component to a high-viscosity component melt. As long as the latter forms a continuous phase, the viscosity of the blend remains high. As soon as the phase inversion [2] occurs, the viscosity of the blend falls sharply, even with a relatively low content of low-viscosity component. Therefore, the S-shaped concentration dependence of the viscosity of blend of incompatible polymers is an indication of phase inversion. The temperature dependence of the viscosity of blends is determined by the viscous flow of the dispersion medium, which is affected by the presence of a second component. 

The morphology of the ABA-type linear block copolymers is strongly influenced by the volume fraction of the two components. For example, in PS-EB-PS-type block copolymer as the volume fraction of PS is increased, the shape of the dispersed PS phase changes from spherical (comprising body-centered cubic spheres of PS dispersed in continuous soft phase) to cylindrical form (hexagonal packed cylinders of PS) [10,133,134]. When the volume fraction of the two phases... 

Morphology of the blends was studied by both optical microscopy and SEM. It was found that HDPE forms a continuous phase and rubber is dispersed as distinct domains. The 50 50 blend shows finer particle dispersion than other blends. In 25 75 blend both HDPE and rubber form the continuous layer. The morphology is independent of the method of preparation. 

TPEs from thermoplastics-mbber blends are materials having the characteristics of thermoplastics at processing temperature and that of elastomers at service temperature. This unique combination of properties of vulcanized mbber and the easy processability of thermoplastics bridges the gap between conventional elastomers and thermoplastics. Cross-linking of the mbber phase by dynamic vulcanization improves the properties of the TPE. The key factor that controls the properties of TPE is the blend morphology. It is essential that in a continuous plastic phase, the mbber phase should be dispersed uniformly, and the finer the dispersed phase the better are the properties. A number of TPEs from dynamically vulcanized mbber-plastic blends have been developed by Bhowmick and coworkers [98-102]. 

The influence of Pt modihcations on the electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of Ru(OOOl) electrodes has been investigated on structurally well-defined bimetallic PtRu surfaces. Two types of brmetalhc surfaces were considered Ru(OOOl) electrodes covered by monolayer Pt islands and monolayer PtRu/Ru(0001) surface alloys with a highly dispersed and almost random distribution of the respective surface atoms, with different Pt surface contents for both types of structures. The morphology of these surfaces differs significantly from that of brmetaUic PtRu surfaces prepared by electrochemical deposition of Pt on Ru(0001), where Pt predominantly exists in small multilayer islands. The electrochemical and electrocatal5d ic measurements, base CVs, and CO bulk oxidation under continuous electrolyte flow, led to the following conclusions ... 

---