Morphological measurements surface area calculations

Specific surface area of C5 polyol-boehmite is also much higher (343 m. g" ) than those of C4 polyol-boehmite (168 m. g ) or even of reference boehmite (144 m. g" ) according to the decrease of particle size previously described. In table 1, these specific surface area values measured from Na adsorption/desorption experiment (Sbet) are compared to geometric specific surface area calculated from particle morphological data (Sga,). Sbet values are slightly lower than Sgeo values probably due to particle aggregation. 

This survey deals with the fundamental morphological parameters of foamed polymers including size, shape and number of cells, closeness of cells, cellular structure anisotropy, cell size distribution, surface area etc. The methods of measurement and calculation of these parameters are discussed. Attempts are made to evaluate the effect and the contribution of each of these parameters to the main physical properties of foamed polymers namely apparent density, strength and thermoconductivity. The cellular structure of foamed polymers is considered as a particular case of porous statistical systems. Future trends and tasks in the study of the morphology and cellular structure-properties relations are discussed. 

In order to determine the crystal growth rate, volume-based particle size distributions were measured with a Horiba Laser Scattering Particle Size Distribution Analyzer LA-920. Additionally, BET surface area measurements of the seed crystals were undertaken with a Micromeritics Tristar Surface Area Analyzer. The crystal morphology was analyzed with a Philips XL30 PEG SEM. XRD analysis was carried out on a Bruker AXS powder diffractometer. Finally, chemical analysis was conducted with a Dionex ICS 5000 ion chromatograph and a Thermo Scientific iCAP 6000 ICP-MS apparatus. Thermodynamic calculations were conducted with the OLI Stream Analyzer [29]. To ensure reproducibility, the growth kinetics experiments were repeated three times and arithmetic averages were employed in the analysis of the data. 

During the microscale wear test cantilever B was used. First the probe scanned for a set number of times in an area along the X direction, and then the worn surface morphology was measured in a larger area. The worn depth can be calculated by measuring the difference between the worn area and the initial unworn area. 

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