Morpholine treatment

Table II. Effect of Morpholine Treatment Immediately on pH of Book Pages Stored Oven-Aged ...

Figure 4. Effect of morpholine treatment on rate of fold loss...

Figure 5. Change in aging rate resulting from morpholine treatment...

Table III. Fold Change from Morpholine Treatment...

Table IV. Effect of Morpholine Treatment Tear Strength of Book Paper on...

Moderately Volatile Ma.teria.ls, For moderately volatile materials, such as the amines commonly used in feedwater and boiler water chemical treatment, the distribution ratios vary from 0.1 to 30 for gases, the ratios are much higher. The distribution ratios of amines and organic acids are generally temperature-dependent. The distribution ratios for ammonia [7664-41-7] morpholine [110-91-8] and acetic acid [64-19-7] are shown in Figure 16 as examples. 

Amorolfine [78613-35-17 is a molecule that is totally different from this group it is a morpholine derivative (15) (19). This substance has a broad-spectmm activity and has a fungicide effect at fairly low concentrations. The development of a nail varnish for treatment of onychomycoses could be very interesting. 

Methylmorpholine on treatment with cobalt trifluoride at 100 °C for 3 h yields 10 fluorinated morpholines and a small amount of bis(trifluoromethyl)-fluoromethylamine [/9] (equation 19)... 

The tetrasubstituted isomer of the morpholine enamine of 2-methyl-cyclohexanone (20) because cf the diminished electronic overlap should be expected to exhibit lower degree of enamine-type reactivity toward electrophilic agents than the trisubstituted isomer. This was demonstrated to be the case when the treatment of the enamine with dilute acetic acid at room temperature resulted in the completely selective hydrolysis of the trisubstituted isomer within 5 min. The tetrasubstituted isomer was rather slow to react and was 96% hydrolyzed after 22 hr (77). The slowness might also be due to the intermediacy of quaternary iminium ion 23, which suffers from a severe. 4< strain 7,7a) between the equatorial C-2 methyl group and the methylene group adjacent to the nitrogen atom, 23 being formed by the stereoelectronically controlled axial protonation of 20. 

In their original communication on the alkylation and acylation of enamines, Stork et al. (3) had reported that the pyrrolidine enamine of cyclohexanone underwent monoacylation with acid chlorides. For example, the acylation with benzoyl chloride led to monobenzoylcyclohexanone. However, Hunig and Lendle (33) found that treatment of the morpholine enamine of cyclopentanone with 2 moles of propionyl chloride followed by acid hydrolysis gave the enol ester (56), which was proposed to have arisen from the intermediate (55). 

Madsen and Lavvesson (6/), however, have reported recently that the treatment of /7-alkyl methyl ketones with morpholine in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid for a short period of time resulted in the formation of a mixture of condensation product of the ketone (122) and the corresponding dienamine (123). 

Treatment of the diethylketal of methyl isobutyryl ketone with morpholine did not give the above condensation product (63), but led to a mixture of di- and tetrasubstituted isomers (124 and 125). 

Adduct 100 is formed from the 1,4 cycloaddition of o-quinone (99) with the morpholine enamine of cyclohexanone (125). Treatment of styrene oxide with cyclic enamines at elevated temperatures (about 230°C) produces O.N-ketals possessing a furan nucleus (125a). 

Treatment of 3-acetyl-4-methylfurazan with sulfur in morpholine resulted in a Willgerodt-Kindler transformation into the corresponding thioamide (Scheme 74). On further treatment with sulfuric acid 3-methylfurazan-4-acetic acid is obtained (96ROC734, 96ZOR766). 

The alternative route, from tosylhydrazones 8 by treatment with base, usually morpholine, has been used for high yields of sensitive materials. Examples are the 7-acetylamino derivatives 9a and 9b (89T7041) and the 5-bromo derivative... 

Treatment of an epimeric mixture of 4-substituted 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)-5-phenyl-3-phenylthio-l,4-oxazine 264 with ZnBr2 led to the stereoselective formation of perhydropyrido[2,l-c][l,4]oxazine 266 via the iminium ion 265 by the phenyl bearing stereocenter directed addition of the olefinic double bond from the /S-face of the cyclic moiety (97SL799, 98T10309). Similarly, an epimeric mixture of (45,9aS)-l-trimethylsilyloxy-4-phenyl-3,4,6,7-tetra-hydropyrido[2,l-c][l,4]oxazine was prepared by cyclization of (Z)-5(S)-phenyl-3-phenvlsulfanyl-2-trimethylsilyloxy-4-[4-(trimethylsilyl)but-3-enyll morpholine (OOSC2565). 

Alkylation of the 5(4)-nitro compound with methyl sulfate in nonpolar solvents affords dimetridazole (91), ° an antitrichomonal agent used in veterinary practice. Alkylation with chlorohydrin leads to metronidazole (92), a drug that has found widespread use in the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. Finally, alkylation by means of iv-(2-chloroethyl)morpholine affords nitrimida-zine (93),... 

Yet another nontricyclic antidepressant consists of a relatively simple morpholine derivative. Acylation of aziridine with p-chlorobenzoyl chloride gives the amide 130. This intermediate is. sufficiently reactive to undergo ring opening on treatment with morpholine. The product is the antidepressant agent moclobemide (131) 33J. 

A 250-ml round-bottom flask is charged with a mixture of cyclohexanone (14.7 g, 0.15 mole), morpholine (15.7 g, 0.18 mole), and / -toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.15 g) in 50 ml of toluene. The flask is fitted with a water separator and a condenser and is brought to reflux (mantle). The separation of water begins immediately and the theoretical amount (2.7 ml) is obtained in about 1 hour. Without further treatment, the reaction mixture may then be distilled. After removal of the toluene at atmospheric pressure, the product is obtained by distillation at reduced pressure, bp II8-I207IO mm, 1.5122-1.5129, in about 75% yield. 

The mixture is then cooled and sodium bisulfite added to decolorize. Recrystallization of the product from methanol gives about 8 g, MP 147° to 150°C. The /3-(3-amino-2,4,6-triiodophenyl)-0 -ethylpropionic acid may be purified further by precipitation of the morpholine salt from ether solution and regeneration of the free amino acid by treatment of a methanol solution of the morpholine salt with sulfur dioxide. The pure amino acid has the MP 155° to 156.5°C. 

A solution of 5.0 g of a-ethyl-(3-(aminophenyl)propionic acid in 100 ml of water containing 5 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added over a period of h hour to a stirred solution of 3.2 ml of Iodine monochioride in 25 ml of water and 25 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid heated to 60°C. After addition was complete, the heating was continued for h hour longer at 60° to 70°C. A black oil separated which gradually solidified. The mixture was then cooled and sodium bisulfite was added to decolorize. Recrystallization of the product from methanol gave about 8 g of a-ethyl-(3-(2,4,6-triiodo-3-aminophenyl-pro-pionic acid, MP 147° to 150°C. The product could be further purified by precipitation of its morpholine salt from ether solution and regeneration of the free amino acid by treatment of a methanol solution of the morpholine salt with sulfur dioxide. The pure amino acid had the MP 155° to 156.5°C (corr). 

Condensate treatments include neutralizing amines such as morpholine and filming amines such as octadecylamine (ODA). 

The two major methods used for the synthesis of cobalt(III) dithiocar-bamates are (a) treatment of a cobaltous salt with aqueous NaR2dtc in the presence of air, or (b) oxidation of a cobalt(II) salt with tetraalkyl-dithiuram disulfides. In recent years, a complex with morpholine-4-carbodithioate (Mdtc), [CofMdtcla], has been prepared and character-... 

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