Morphine, pain

Kalso E et al No pain, no gain Clinical excellence and scientific rigour—lessons learned from IA morphine. Pain 2002 98 269. [PMID 12127028]... 

Elliott, K., Hynansky, A., Inturrisi, C. E. Dextromethorphan attenuates and reverses analgesic tolerance to morphine, Pain 1994, 59, 361-368. 

DeConno, F., Caraceni, A., Martini, C., Spoldi, E., Salvetti, M., and Ventafridda, V. (1991). Hyperalgesia and myoclonus with intrathecal infusion of high-dose morphine. Pain 47, 337—339. 

Sjogren, P., Jonsson, T., Jensen, N. H., Drenck, N. E., and Jensen, T. S. (1993). Hyperalgesia and myoclonus in terminal cancer patients treated with continuous intravenous morphine. Pain 55, 93-97. 

Pelissier, T., Pajot, J., and Dallel, R. (2002). The orofacial capsaicin test in rats Effects of different capsaicin concentrations and morphine. Pain 96, 81—87. 

Campa D, Gioia A, Tomei A, Poli P, Barale R (2008) Association of ABCB1/MDR1 and OPRM1 gene polymorphisms with morphine pain relief. Clin Pharmacol Ther 83(4) 559-566... 

Morphine Pain control as alternative to parenteral administration Tablet and vaginal suppository Requires close monitoring due to unpredictable bioavailability 337... 

Doverty M, Somogyi AA, White JM, Bochner F, Beare CH, Menelaou A, Ling W. Methadone maintenance patients are cross-tolerant to the antinociceptive effects of morphine. Pain 2001 93(2) 155-63. 

Goering, Hermann 1893-1946 Nazi politician, war criminal Morphine pain management, addiction... 

Verne, Jules 1828-1905 Author Morphine pain relief... 

Wasan AJ, Michna E, Janfaza D, Greenfield S, Teter CJ, Jamison RN (2008) Interpreting urine drug tests prevalence of morphine metabolism to hydromorphone in chronic pain patients treated with morphine. Pain Med 9 918-923... 

Morphine and its salts are very valuable analgesic drugs but are highly addictive. In addition to suppression of pain, morphine causes constipation, decreases pupillary size and depresses respiration. Only the (-l-)-stereoisoraer is biologically active. They appear to produce their effects on the brain by activating neuronal mechanisms normally activated by... 

Once used as an arrow poison It IS hundreds of times more powerful than morphine in relieving pain It is too toxic to be used as a drug however)... 

Codeiae (2, R = CH3) occurs ia the opium poppy along with morphine (2, R = H) but usually ia much lower concentration. Because it is less toxic than morphine and because its side effects (including depression, etc) are less marked, it has found widespread use ia the treatment of minor pain and much of the morphine found ia cmde opium is converted to codeiae. The commercial coaversioa of morphine to codeiae makes use of a variety of methylating ageats, amoag which the most common are trimethylphenylammonium salts. Ia excess of two huadred toas of codeiae are coasumed anauaHy from productioa faciUties scattered arouad the world. 

Most of the time, the powerful analgesia suppHed by morphine and the other opioid analgesics is not needed. Rather, a mild analgesic, such as aspirin, the most commonly employed analgesic agent, can be used for the treatment of simple pain associated with headaches, minor muscle pain, mild trauma, arthritis, cold and flu symptoms, and fever. 

Morphine. This alkaloid exerts both a depressing and a stimulating action on the central nervous system, the depression affecting the brain especially the sensation of pain and the respiration the cerebral motoi functions are less affected. The stimulant action in the cord is best seen in the cold-blooded animals, when it may develop into tonic convulsions. In higher animals, but rarely in man, there may be some indication of this stimulant action. In cats it may also involve the motor areas, and they... 

Narcotic analgesic. A drug that alleviates pain by interacting with the morphine receptor. 

Still other halo-substituted compounds are providing important leads to new medicines. The compound epihatidine, for instance, has been isolated from the skin of Ecuadorian frogs and found to be more than 200 times as potent as morphine at blocking pain in animals. 

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