Montmorillonite epoxy

Drummy, L.F. Koerner, H. Farmer, K. Tan, A. Farmer, B.L. Vaia, R.A. High-resolution electron microscopy of montmorillonite and montmorillonite/epoxy nanocomposites. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2005, 109, 17868-17378. 

Chen C, Curliss D (2003) Processing and morphological development of montmorillonite epoxy nano-composites. J Nanotechnol 14(6) 643-648 Dalet P, Papon E, Villenave JJ (1999) Surface free energy of polymeric materials relevancy of conventional contact angle data analyses. J Adhes Sci Technol 13 857-870... 

C. Chen, C. David, Processing and morphological developement of montmorillonite epoxy nanocomposites . Nanotechnology, 2003, 14, 643-648. 

FIG. 9 Dependence of tensile strength and modulus on clay loading for epoxy-CH3(CH2)i7NH -montmorillonite nanocomposites. (From Ref. 35.)... 

Titanium-pillared montmorillonite may be used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of allylic alcohols (Scheme 20) (46). The enantiomeric purities of the epoxy products are comparable with those achieved using homogeneous Ti isopropoxide with molecular sieves as water scavengers (Chapter 4). Since basal spacing of the recovered catalyst after the reaction is unaltered, the catalyst can be recycled. 

To take advantage of both modified layered silicate and the substantial presence of phosphorus, the combined use of phosphorus-modified silicates and phosphorus compounds may represent an innovative solution to achieve high levels of flame retardancy. Phosphonium-modified layered silicates in epoxy resins were associated with organo-phosphorus FRs by Schartel et al.59 Ion exchange of Na-montmorillonite was carried out using tetraphenyl phosphonium bromide. Triphenyl phosphate and a reactive phosphorus compound were used as FR incorporated in the epoxy resin. 

OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF RIGID PVC/ MONTMORILLONITE NANOCOMPOSITES WITH EPOXY RESIN AS COMPATIBILIZER... 

Polyvinyl chloride/montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared using an epoxy resin, as compatibiliser, and the effect of this compatibiliser on the optical properties of the nanocomposites investigated. It was found that the transparency of the nanocomposites improved with increasing content of montmorillonite, which was pretreated with the epoxy resin. The good transparency of the nanocomposites also indicated that the epoxy resin improved the processing stability of the nanocomposites. 3 refs. 

In contrast to the lack of selectivity observed in the TS-1 catalyzed oxidation of 3-penten-2-ol (1) (Eqn. 21.5), the oxidation of 1 with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) over Cr-PILC gave the unsaturated ketone, 3, in 82% yield (Eqn. 21.13)42 while the oxidation of 1 over a vanadium pillared montmorillonite (V-PILC) gave the epoxy alcohol, 2, in 94% yield.43 V-PILC, however, does promote the oxidation of primary benzyl alcohols to the acids with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. This reaction exhibits shape selectivity in that para-substituted benzyl alcohols are oxidized while the ortho- and meta- substituted species are essentially inert (Eqn. 21.14).44... 

Examples of the use of nanostructured materials for packaging applications have been given in Chaudhry et al. (2008) and references therein. One of the first market entries into the food packaging arena was polymer composites containing clay nanoparticles (montmorillonite). The natural nanolayer structure of the clay particles impart improved barrier properties to the clay-polymer composite material. Some of the polymers which have been used in these composites for production of packaging bottles and films include polyamides, polyethylene vinyl acetate, epoxy resins, nylons, and polyethylene terephthalate. 

Figure 15.7. Tensile strength of epoxy/montmorillonite nanocomposite vs. flller concentration. [Adapted, by permission, from Lan T, Pinnavaia T J, Chem. of Mat., 6, No. 12, 1994, 2216-9.]...

Figure 16.24 shows the schematic representation of dispersed clay particles in a polymer matrix. Conventionally dispersed clay has aggregated layers in face-to-face form. Intercalated clay composites have one or more layers of polymer inserted into the clay host gallery. Exfoliated polymer/clay nanocomposites have low clay content (lower than intercalated clay composites which have clay content -50%). It was found that 1 wt% exfoliated clay such as hectorite, montmorillonite, or fluorohectorite increases the tensile modulus of epoxy resin by 50-65%. ... 

In this chapter experimental data for the nanocomposite epoxy poly-mer/Na -montmorillonite (EP/MMT) is considered. 

Chem. Descrip. Propylene carbonate CAS m32-7 EINECS/ELINCS 20S 572-1 Uses Solvent, reactant, plastidzer for fibers, textiles, dyeing, plastics and resins, gas treating, aromatic hydrocarbon extraction, metal extraction, surf, coatings (paints, varnishes, adhesives, plastics, epoxies, mastics), foundry sand binder, lubricants, electrolytes, cosmetics (polar additive for montmorillonite or bentonite clay gellants) fire extinguishing compds. antifoam for antifreeze hydraulic brake fluids as plating medium... 

Miy Miyagawa, H., Drzal, L. T. The effect of chemical modification on the fracture toughness of montmorillonite clay/epoxy nanocomposites. J. Adhesion Sci. Technol. 18 (2004) 1571-1588. 

Kay Kaynak, C., Nakas, G. L, Isitman, N. A. Mechanical properties, flammability and char morphology of epoxy resin/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Appl. Clay Sci. 46 (2009) 319-324. 

Keywords Nanocomposite Epoxy Montmorillonite Clay Layered silicate ... 

Fig. 6 Small-angle x-ray characterization of epoxy layered silicate nanocomposites synthesized using n-CioH2iNH3-montmorillonite (SCIO), Shell Epi-Cure curing agent (W) and Shell Epon 862 resin where q is the scattering vector [47]...

Fig. 10 In-situ small angle scattering showing disappearance of initial d-spacing, and appearance of new exfoliated material at small angle (large d-spacing for 3% clay) for an organo-ion exchanged montmorillonite (surface treatment is octadecyl ammonium), with a bisphenol F epoxy [47]...

---