Monosodium-L-glutamate

Flavor Enhancers. Flavor enhancers have the abihty to enhance flavors at a level below which they contribute any flavor of their own. Worldwide, the most popular flavor enhancers are monosodium L-glutamate [142-47-2] (MSG), NaC HgNO, and the 5 -ribonucleotides disodium 5 -inosinate [131-99-7] (IMP), and disodium S -guanjIate [85-75-5] (GMP), C QH 2-N50gP -2Na. 

In the food industries a number of amino acids have been widely used as flavor enhancers and flavor modifiers (see Flavors and spices). For example, monosodium L-glutamate is well-known as a meat flavor-enhancer and an enormous quantity of it is now used in various food appHcations (see Amino acids, L-MONOSODIUM glutamate (MSG)). Protein, hydroly2ed by acid or en2yme to be palatable, has been used for a long time in flavoring agents. 

The existence of protein receptors in the tongues of mice and cows have been shown. Monosodium L-glutamate MSG [142-47-2] is utilized as a food flavor enhancer in various seasonings and processed foods. D-Glutamate is tasteless. L-Aspartic acid salt has a weaker taste of umami. Glycine and L-alanine are slightly sweet. The relationship between taste and amino acid stmcture has been discussed (222). 

Monosodium L-glutamate [142-47-2] C HgNO Na H20 (mol wt 187.13) crystallizes from aqueous solution at room temperature as rhombic prisms. Its stmcture, as deterrnined by x-ray crystallography (6), indicates that the sodium ions are coordinated octahedraHy by four (3a and ly) carboxyl oxygen atoms and two water molecules as follows ... 

Monosodium L-glutamate (MSG), 12 49 Monosodium phosphate (MSP), 18 833 manufacture of, 18 853, 857-858 thermal dehydration of, 18 846 Monostatic optical arrangement, 23 139 Monosubstituted boranes, 13 635-636 Monoterpenoid alcohols, 24 500-528 bicyclic, 24 527-528 monocyclic, 24 509-527 Monoterpenoid aldehydes, 24 529-536 Monoterpenoid ethers, 24 528-529 Monoterpenoid hydrocarbons,... 

ICRUDE CRYSTAL NEUTRALIZATION 11 CRYSTALLIZATION MONOSODIUM L-GLUTAMATE... 

Crude cryslal 1 Mother liquor Neutralization Crystallization Monosodium L-glutamate... 

I> ) In order of decreasing sequence rule precedence, the four substituents at the stereogenic center of monosodium L-glutamate are... 

Sisk, D. R., and Kuwabara, T. (1985). Histologic changes in the inner retina of albino rats following intravitral injection of monosodium L-glutamate. Graefe s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 223,250—258. 

Monosodium L-Glutamate occurs as white, free-flowing crystals or crystalline powder. It is freely soluble in water, and is sparingly soluble in alcohol. The pH of a 1 20 aqueous solution is between 6.7 and 7.2. 

Monosodium L-Glutamate (Mineral Oil Mull) View Monograph... 

Solvent Disodium 5 -Inosinate Disodium 5 -Guanyiate Monosodium L-Glutamate... 

Stegink, L. D., Filer, L. J., and Beker, G. L. (1985). Plasma glutamate concentrations in adult subjects ingesting monosodium L-glutamate in consomme. Am.. Clin. Nutr. 42, 220-225. 

Chevassus H, Renard E, Bertrand G, et al. Effects of oral monosodium L-glutamate on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002 53(6) 641-643. 

Allen DH, Delohery J, Baker G. Monosodium L-glutamate-induced asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987 80(4) 530-7. 

Sodium glutamate (621) Monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) glutamic acid monosodium salt monohydrate Flavor enhancer ADI not specified ... 

Thus, large-volume products such as monosodium L-glutamate, L-lysine, and l-menthol have traditionally been prepared through biochemical routes, even though efficient procedures are available to produce their racemic forms. 

Kerkerian, L. Pelletier, G. (1986) Effects of monosodium L-glutamate administration on neuropeptide Y-containing neurons in the rat hypothalamus. Brain Res. 369, 388-390. 

Monosodium L-glutamate is produced worldwide at levels of around one million tons by the microbial method. Two Japanese company, Ajinomoto and Kyowa Hakko Kogyo, built factories and produced it in other countries, mainly in south east Asian areas. China, Korea, and Taiwan also produce large amounts of L-glutamate monosodium salt nowadays. This is used in the food industry as a seasoning to improve taste, its ester is used as a detergent, and the polymer as an artificial skin. 

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