Monopersulfate

The triple salt is better known by the trademarks Caroat (Degussa), OXONE Monopersulfate Compound (Du Pont), and Curox (Laporte). It is also known as potassium caroate. It has been made on a commercial scale siace the 1950s, and the world market ia 1994 was several thousand tons. It is made commercially by Peroxid-Chemie (Germany), Degussa (Germany), Du Pont (United States), and Migas (Japan). In 1994, the United Kingdom price was J1.80/kg ( 2.67/kg). 

Nitroso compounds are formed selectively via the oxidation of a primary aromatic amine with Caro s acid [7722-86-3] (H2SO ) or Oxone (Du Pont trademark) monopersulfate compound (2KHSO KHSO K SO aniline black [13007-86-8] is obtained if the oxidation is carried out with salts of persulfiiric acid (31). Oxidation of aromatic amines to nitro compounds can be carried out with peroxytrifluoroacetic acid (32). Hydrogen peroxide with acetonitrile converts aniline in a methanol solution to azoxybenzene [495-48-7] (33), perborate in glacial acetic acid yields azobenzene [103-33-3] (34). 

The reaction is first-order in 88 and in persulfate. It proceeds very probably via a monopersulfate ester 90 and a dioxetanone derivative 91 ... 

Oxone is a registered trademark of DuPont with potassium peroxymonosulfate KHSOs (potassium monopersulfate) as oxidizing ingredient of a triple salt with the formula... 

Numerous sulfur and phosphorus peroxy compounds such as monopersulfuric acid (Caro s acid, la), monopersulfate (Oxone, Ib), ammonium monopersulfate Ic, tetra n-butyl-ammonium monopersulfate Id, peroxydisulfates 2a and 2b", tetra n-butylammonium peroxydisulfate 2c, symmetrical bissulfonyl peroxide 3 , acyl sulfonyl peroxide 4 , unsymmetrical sulfonyl peroxide 5 , sulfinyl peroxy intermediates 6a, sulfonyl peroxy intermediate 6b, sulfonimidoyl peroxy intermediate 7, bis(diphenyl phosphinyl) peroxide 8 , unsymmetrical phosphorus peroxide 9 and phosphoranyl peroxy intermediate 10" are known. Recently, many researchers have shown interest in the preparation and... 

Most of the oxidants used with these catalysts tend to be water soluble. However, the use of tetrabutylammonium monopersulfate (5) has been reported to provide relatively smooth oxidation with good ee s e.g, 4 -> 6) under monophasic conditions in organic solvents. The enantioselectivity is both substrate and catalyst dependent, with best results being obtained from electron-rich alkenes and Katsuki-type catalysts (c/. 2) <99TL1001>. Che and co-workers <99CC1789> have also reported on the use of an immobilized chromium binaphthyl catalyst, which offers the advantage of simple work-up and catalyst recovery. 

The use of UV—Ozone (a commercial mixt of K monopersulfate, K hydrogen sulfate, and K... 

Other preliminary experiments on alkali lignin included oxidations by barium peroxide and alkali (5, 6), alkali fusion, and alkali fusions in the presence of calcium peroxide, sodium borate perhydrate, and monopersulfate compound. Ether extractives and water extractives were examined, but in all cases too many of the oxidation products obtained were new and unidentifiable, and it was impossible to evaluate the experiments adequately with the available techniques. Vanillic acid appeared to be the chief oxidation product under conditions which did not demethylate further or destroy the aromatic nature of the oxidation products. Some oxidation conditions yielded p-hydroxybenzyl moieties as products, and some gave no trace of these products whatever. More detailed studies of the ether-insoluble, water-soluble components of the several oxidation mixtures were postponed until adequate procedures were developed for analytical isolation and identification. 

Other fusions were made under the same conditions but with the addition of sodium borate perhydrate (duPont Perdox containing 15.5% minimum available oxygen) and monopersulfate compound (duPont Oxone containing 4.5% available oxygen). Again, no marked change over the standard fusions was noted. 

Mechanism of oxidation with potassium monopersulfate-metallopor-phyrin systems 92NJC203. 

A number of other inorganic oxidizing agents has also been reported for sulfide oxidation which include [Ru(bpy)2(0)PR3][C104],419 Zn(Bi03)2/ AcOH420 and potassium monopersulfate on wet alumina.421... 

II state, [PFe=0], is the only product detected spectroscopically. The kinetics of equations (50 56), including the formation of the Compound I precursor, have been studied in detail by several groups. The Compound I state is readily reached by reaction of an iron(ni) porphyrin with iodosylbenzene, potassium monopersulfate, or an amine N-oxide, and these reagents are frequently used for generation of the hydroxylation catalysts of the Compound I level that are discussed in Section 9. 

The composition of the oxidizing agent Oxone is 2 KHS05 KHS04 K2S04. The active component potassium monopersulfate (KHSO5, potassium peroxomonosulfate) is a salt from Caro s acid H2SO5. 

B. Meunier, Potassium monopersulfate-Just another primary oxidant or a highly versatile oxygen atom donor in metalloporphyrin-mediated oxygenation and oxidation reactions. New J. Chem. 16 (1992) 203. 

A vai iety of diethyl vinylphosphonates have been oxidized in moderate to good yields (19-84%) using dioxirane generated in situ from buffered monopersulfate (Oxone ) and a ketone in a two-phase (ClECb/lEO) reaction mixture.Because of the pH dependence of dioxirane stability, the process needs an accurate control of the pH at 7.4. However, the reaction is often very sluggish and requires regular addition of fresh portions of oxone and lengthy reaction times. 

A second area of MnP model chemistry has dealt with Mn11 oxidation by Fe-porphyrin systems. An early example suggested that Mn11 in the presence of excess pyrophosphate could be catalytically oxidized to Mn1" by an Fe-porphyrin system. In these experiments, sulfo-nated porphyrins were utilized, and the co-oxidant was potassium monopersulfate. Co-substrates, such as veratryl alcohol, were reported to enhance the rate of Mn11 oxidation (468). 

---