Monolayer copolymers

Waldman D A, Kolb B U, McCarthy T J and Hsu S L 1988 Infrared study of adsorbed monolayers of poly(styrene-propylene sulphide) (PS-PPS) block copolymers Polym. Mater. Sc/. Eng. 59 326-33... 

Bailey, A.L, Cardenas-Valera, A.E., Doroszkowsi, A., Graft copolymers as stabilizers for oil-in-water emulsions. Part 1. Synthesis of the copolymers and their behaviour as monolayers spread at the air-water and oil-water interfaces. Colloids and Surfaces, v.96, pp.53-67, 1995. 

Luzinov I. et al., Microtribological behaviour of tethered block copolymer monolayers, Polym. Prepr., 41, 1499, 2000. 

The generation of semicondnctor nanoparticles below spread monolayers was first reported by Fendler [134]. Poly(styrenephosphonate diethyl ester) and its 1 1 copolymer with... 

Poly(styrene-fc-butadiene) copolymer-clay nanocomposites were prepared from dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium-exchanged MMT via direct melt intercalation [91]. While the identical mixing of copolymer with pristine montmorillonite showed no intercalation, the organoclay expanded from 41 to 46 A, indicating a monolayer intercalation. The nanocomposites showed an increase in storage modulus with increasing loading. In addition, the Tg for the polystyrene block domain increased with clay content, whereas the polybutadiene block Tg remained nearly constant. 

Further modification of the above nanostructures is useful for obtaining new functional materials. Thirdly, we apply the dopant-induced laser ablation technique to site-selectively doped thin diblock copolymer films with spheres (sea-island), cylinders (hole-network), and wormlike structures on the nanoscale [19, 20]. When the dye-doped component parts are ablated away by laser light, the films are modified selectively. Concerning the laser ablation of diblock copolymer films, Lengl et al. carried out the excimer laser ablation of diblock copolymer monolayer films, forming spherical micelles loaded with an Au salt to obtain metallic Au nanodots [21]. They used the laser ablation to remove the polymer matrix. In our experiment, however, the laser ablation is used to remove one component of block copolymers. Thereby, we can expect to obtain new functional materials with novel nanostmctures. 

SJ. Bai, C.C. Wu, T.D. Dang, F.E. Arnold, and B. Sakaran, Tunable and white light-emitting diodes of monolayer fluorinatcd bcnzoxazole graft copolymer, Appl. Phys. Lett., 84 1656-1658, 2004. 

Monolayer blown-film extrusion, VDC copolymers in, 25 725, 728-729 Monolayers, self-assembled, 77 57 Monolayer self-assembled systems, 16 800 Monolignols, 27 10—11, 13, 14 Monolithic drug delivery systems, 9 11 Monomagnesium phosphate, 78 839 Monomer addition, in PVC polymerization, 25 665-666... 

Nealey and coworkers [75,76,146] took a similar approach and applied lithographically defined self-assembled monolayers as substrates to direct the orientation of block copolymer thin films. After EUV interferometic lithography on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) or phenylethyltrichlorosilane (PETS) monolayers, PS-fr-PMMA block copolymers were deposited and annealed on the substrates. Due to the selective wetting of PS and PMMA on the unexposed and exposed regions, respectively, they were able to obtain large areas of perpendicular lamella when the commensurate condition was fulfilled. 

Weener et al. prepared photo-responsive monolayers from azobenzene modified polypropylene imine) dendrimers which also hold promise in the area of optical data storage [74], A fifth generation polypropylene imine) dendrimer was functionalized with equal amounts of palmitoyl and azobenzene containing alkyl chains, resulting in the formation of an amphiphilic copolymer with a random shell structure (Figure 16.5). 

Fig. 14. Hyperbranched polymer grafts prepared on a mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) self assembled monolayer confined to a gold substrate. PAAM-c-PAA represents a random copolymer of poly(acrylamide) and poly(acrylic acid) prepared from the poly(acrylic acid) carboxylic acid groups and an amine [129]...

Besides homogeneous and uniform SAMs or polymer brushes, systems of tailored heterogeneity such as mixed monolayers of two or more compounds, gradients, block copolymer brushes etc. are now under investigation. Especially, the development of patterned surfaces offers the exciting possibility to perform multiple parallel experiments on a single substrate or cascade reactions. 

The critical micelle concentration (cmc) in block copolymer solutions can be determined by measurement of the surface tension (y) as a function of concentration. The method detects completion of the Gibbs monolayer at the air/water interface, and is a secondary indicator of the onset of micellization. The cmc for solutions of monodisperse polymers is indicated by a fairly sharp decrease in y versus log(c). 

---