Monoecy

Einhalt, m. check, restraint, interruption, einhalten, v.t. keep in, take in, stop, keep keep to, observe. — v.i. cease, einhandigen, v.t. hand over, deliver, einhkngen, v.t. hang up or in, suspend, einhauen, v.t. cut in, cut open, break in. einhkusig, a. (Biol.) monoecious, einheimisch, a. domestic native indigenous ... 

Cocos nucifera is an unbranched monoecious plant of the PALMAE family. It grows to 30 m tall, with a crown of 25-35 pari-pinnate leaves, producing 12-16 new leaves per year. There is a central bud, which if cut off, leads to the death of tree. The trunk is... 

I Protoplasmic continuity between cells not obvious monoecious or dioecious gametophytes often present, sporophyte represented by the... 

Sporophyte bearing sporangia in sori monoecious or dioecious gametophytes alternating with similar or smaller sporophytes.Order Cutleriales... 

Alternation of dissimilar generations known or inferred the sporophyte large and alternating with microscopic, monoecious gametophytes. 

Petals usually absent, calyx usually present flowers hypogynous, monoecious, actinomor-... 

Flowers unisexual, monoecious, ovules solitary, pendulous.Order Eriocaulales... 

Flowers perfect or unisexual and monoecious, though sometimes separated on the spadix and often accompanied by... 

Flowers dioecious, or if monoecious then aquatics with the flowers in globose clusters or in dense cylindric spikes. 

Monoecious Having the archegonia or female sex organ and antheridia or male sex organ on different branches of the same plant or producing staminate and pistillate flowers on a single plant. 

Flower sex expression of cucumbers can be modified by treating seedlings with several growthregulating substances With the exception of gibberellin, chemicals tend to reduce the number, or suppress the development, of staminate flowers, and increase the number or accelerate the development of pistillate flowers Gibberellin, in contrast, increases the number of staminate flowers in monoecious cucumbers and results in the formation of staminate flowers on gynoecious cucumbers which otherwise would produce only pistillate flowers In promotive effects on staminate flower formation and vegetative extension, GA4 is approximately tenfold more active than GA3 ... 

Studies reported herein are primarily concerned with the effects of gibberellin in extending the staminate stage of monoecious cucumbers and with the formation of staminate flowers on gynoecious cucumbers. 

Galun (8) has recently reported similar results for monoecious cucumbers differing in the normal duration of the staminate stage. He demonstrated a close relationship between gibberellin-induced vegetative elongation and modification of flower sex expression (8). 

Figure 2. Response of a monoecious cucumber (var. Burpee Hybrid) to different...

The promotion of staminate flower formation in cucumbers by gibberellin is not surprising if one considers the effects of gibberellin as similar to those of a long photoperiod. Extension of the staminate stage in monoecious cucumbers by gibber-... 

Species of the mulberry family may be either monoecious or dioecious, depending on whether male and female flowers occur on the same plant (monoecious) or on separate plants (dioecious). Flowers of the Moraceae are in tightly packed groups, known as heads, spikes, catkins, or umbels. Fig flowers are produced inside a synconium, a hollow fleshy structure. The small flowers lack petals. Male flowers consist of four sepals, which are usually leaf-like appendages, and four stamens. Female flowers consist of four sepals and a pistil with a two-chambered ovary. 

The flowers of members of the Brassicaceae have four petals arranged in a cross-like pattern (the old name for this family was Cruciferae, referring to the cross of crucifixion). The flowers of mustards contain both female and male parts (i.e., they are monoecious). There are six stamens, of which four have long filaments, and two have short filaments. The seeds of plants in this family are contained in a relatively long inflated structure called a silique, or in a rounder flattened structure known as a silicle. When mature, the outer walls of the fruits fall away, leaving an inner partition to which the seeds are loosely attached. 

I. The flowers of Gymnosperms are often monoecious or dioecious but very rarely hermaphrodite, as in Welwitchia, whereas those of Angiosperms are usually hermaphrodite, rather rarely moncecious, still more rarely dioecious. 

If the pistils are present and stamens wanting, the flower is called /pistillate, or female if it possesses stamens but no pistil, it is described as staminate, or male if both are absent, neutral, as marginal flowers of Viburnum. Some plants, as the Begonias and Castor oil, bear both staminate and pistillate flowers, and are called Monoecious. 

Pinacea Conifercs) or Pine Family.—Trees or shrubs with resinous juice whose wood is characterized by being composed largely of tracheids with bordered pits. Leaves entire, awl- or needle-shaped frequently fascicled, exstipulate, usually evergreen. Flowers, monoecious or rarely dioecious, achlamydeous, in cones. Staminate... 

IV. Order Juglandales.—Juglandace e.—A family of apetalous exogenous trees—the walnut family—with alternate odd-pinnate leaves and monoecious flowers, the sterile in catkins, the fertile solitary or in a small cluster or spike. The fruit is a dry drupe with Digitized by Microsoft (S)... 

The above trees are all monoecious, that is the staminate (male) and pistillate (female) flowers are distinct from each other, but borne on the same tree. Most of the species are trees, a few oaks are shrubs. The leaves are simple, netted-veined and alternate. A pair of deciduous stipules are found at the base of the leaf-stalk... 

Some species are monoecious which means having both male and female gender on the same plant. For example, tomatoes have the same sex on each flower, and are therefore self-pollinating. These plants do not need to have their gender determined. If you are growing these types of plants, they are simply grown from seed until they reach the size when they may be used for mother plants. 

Esser K, Tudzynski P. Genetics of the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea. Proof of a monoecious life-cycle and segregation patterns for mycelial morphology and alkaloid production. Theoret Appl Genet 53 145-149, 1978. 

It is possible, by selective pollination, to obtain seeds which yield all (or nearly all) males or females. This can be done by crossing with certain monoecious strains, or by a simpler method available to almost anyone. If the male flowers that arise on a female plant are used as the pollen source, the resulting seeds will all be females. If the plant does not do this naturally, there are various techniques for inducing the monoecious conditions, such as low light, low night temperatures, stress, and spraying with Ethrel. These techniques will be discussed in more detail in future chapters. 

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