Monocot

Other auxin-like herbicides (2,48) include the chlorobenzoic acids, eg, dicamba and chloramben, and miscellaneous compounds such as picloram, a substituted picolinic acid, and naptalam (see Table 1). Naptalam is not halogenated and is reported to function as an antiauxin, competitively blocking lAA action (199). TIBA is an antiauxin used in receptor site and other plant growth studies at the molecular level (201). Diclofop-methyl and diclofop are also potent, rapid inhibitors of auxin-stimulated response in monocots (93,94). Diclofop is reported to act as a proton ionophore, dissipating cell membrane potential and perturbing membrane functions. 

These extensive alterations in cell structure and the biochemical machinery are indicative of entry into an ametabolic condition. In this condition damage from free radicals is potentially decreased, certainly the loss of chlorophyll and chloroplast structure removes a major source of free radical generation. About 50% of the extremely desiccation tolerant monocots exhibit extensive loss of chlorophyll and ultrastructural organisation when desiccated. Dicots, ferns and bryophytes retain most of their chlorophyll and exhibit small changes in structure when dry (see Gaff,... 

Under natural conditions. Agrobacterium does not appear to infect monocotyledonous plants. Genetic manipulation of cereal crops using a Ti-plasmid delivered by Agrobacterium therefore seems out of the question. However, there are some data to suggest that Agrobacterium can, under certain circumstances, infect monocots, but that it does not cause... 

Hemalsteens, J.O., Thia-Toong, L., Schell, J. Van Mongtagu, M. (1985). An Agrobactenum-transformed cell culture from the monocot Asparagus officinalis. EMBO Journal, 3, 3039-41. 

The vascular flora of the Juan Fernandez Islands consists of 361 species and includes 53 ferns, 65 monocots, and 243 dicots. There are 126 endemic species, 12 endemic genera, and one endemic family, Lactoridaceae (Stuessy et ak, 1992). A considerable amount of work has gone into attempts to establish evolutionary... 

YU o, JUNG w, SHI J, CROES R A, FADER G M, MCGONIGLE B and ODELL J T (2000) Production of the isoflavones genistein and daidzein in non-legume dicot and monocot tissues. Plant Physiol. 124 (2) 781-94. 

The primary walls of growing plant cells are composed of 90% carbohydrate and 10% protein (51). Carbohydrate in the primary wall is present predominantly as cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. The pectic polysaccharides, are defined as a group of cell wall polymers containing a-l,4-linked D-galactosyluronic acid residues (62,76). Pectic polysaccharides are a major component of the primary cell waU of dicots (22-35%), arc abundant in gymnosperms and non-graminaceous monocots, and are present in reduced amounts (-10%) in the primary walls of the graminaceae (27,62). 

E. Bar-Ness, Y. Chen, Y. Hadar, H. Marschner, and V. Romheld, Siderophores of Pseudomonas puiida as an iron source for dicot and monocot plants. Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants (Y. Chen and Y. Hadar, eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1992, pp. 271-281. 

K. H. Wolfe, M. Gouy, Y-W Yang, P. M. Sharp, and W. H. Li, Date of the monocot-dicot divergence estimated from chloroplast DNA sequence data. Proc. Nall. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 6201-6205 (1989). 

Another limitation to the studies in Table 1 is the small number of plant species tested. Primarily monocotyledonous plants have been studied, although McClure et al. (26) found ferulic acid inhibitory in soybean. The restriction of studies to monocots is probably because the mechanism of mineral absorption has been more fully elucidated with monocots. Harper and Balke (32) reported some minor differences in the inhibition of K+ absorption by salicylic acid among oats (Avena sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestlvum L.), barley, and maize roots. 

Soaking seeds in DCM and allowing the solvent to evaporate before germination assays significantly affected germination (P <= 0.05) as shown in Table IV. Three of the monocot species, sorghum,... 

Figure 4.1 (a) Mechanism of iron absorption of Strategy I in the roots of dicots and non-graminaceous monocots, (b) Mechanism of iron absorption of Strategy II in the roots of graminaceous plants. Reprinted from Mori, 1998, by courtesy of Marcel Dekker, Inc. 

Angiosperms Monocots Lily, corn, onion, palm 50,000... 

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