Monoclonal antibodies mouse antigens

Primary mouse monoclonal antibody against antigen 2. 

Primary antibody raised in rabbit against antigen 1 (jceNote 3). Peroxidase-conjugated antirabbit IgG raised in sheep (s Note 3). Primary mouse monoclonal antibody against antigen 2. 

Immunoaffinity chromatography utilizes the high specificity of antigen—antibody interactions to achieve a separation. The procedure typically involves the binding, to a soHd phase, of a mouse monoclonal antibody which reacts either directly with the protein to be purified or with a closely associated protein which itself binds the product protein. The former approach has been appHed in the preparation of Factor VIII (43) and Factor IX (61) concentrates. The latter method has been used in the preparation of Factor VIII (42) by immobilization of a monoclonal antibody to von WiHebrand factor [109319-16-6] (62), a protein to which Factor VIII binds noncovalenfly. Further purification is necessary downstream of the immunoaffinity step to remove... 

Monoclonal antibodies (mAh) are molecules that recognize and bind a specific foreign substance called an antigen. They are produced from a single clone of B lymphocytes. Conventionally, mouse mAh have been generated for experimental and diagnostic use. Techniques have been developed to humanize mouse mAh to facilitate their therapeutic use in humans. It is also now possible to make mAh which are fully human. 

Mundegar RR, Franke E, Schafer R, et al. Reduction of high background staining by heating unfixed mouse skeletal muscle tissue sections allows for detection of thermostable antigens with murine monoclonal antibodies./. Histochem. Cytochem. 2008 56 969-975. 

M.-G. Baek and R. Roy, Simultaneous binding of mouse monoclonal antibody and streptavidin to heterobifunctional dendritic L-lysine core bearing T-antigen tumor marker and biotin, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 9 (2001) 3005-3011. 

The ratio of primary antibodies to Fab fragments required for the formation of complexes that produce optimal immunolabeling of specific antigen does not appear to vary dramatically with primary antibody specificity or species. Primary antibody to Fab fragment ratios of 1 2 1 4 (weight for weight, based on concentration data supplied by manufacturers) typically produces optimal results with primary mouse monoclonal antibodies. 

The first monoclonals were murine (mouse) antibodies, because the early experiments involved injecting mice with an antigen, harvesting their B cells, and then fusing a harvested B cell with an immortal tumor cell line. There were immediate ahempts to make therapeutic drugs from murine monoclonal antibodies. Scientists at Harvard Medical School tried to apply murine monoclonal antibodies for heahnenf of tumors as early as 1980. But with a very few exceptions, murine antibodies failed as drugs in humans. 

If the antigen of interest is abundant and additional sensitivity is not required, then a two-step direct method, rather than a three-step indirect method, can be anployed. With the two-step method, the primary antibody is a biotin-labeled mouse monoclonal antibody, which is followed directly by the ABC incubation step. Because of the abundance of human immunoglobulins in tissue sections, methods for staining immunoglobulin often employ biotin-labeled mouse antihuman immunoglobulin reagents. 

Primary antibody (e.g., mouse monoclonal antibody to a surface or intracellular antigen) (see Note 2). 

I. Interference with antigen recognition. Muromonab CDS is a monoclonal antibody directed against mouse CD-3 that blocks antigen recognition by T-lymphocytes (use in graft rejection). 

Examples of antibodies in the market include trastuzumab (anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody), rituximab, natalizumab (x4-integiin antibody), abciximab, infiximab (targets TNF-a in Crohn s disease and rheumatoid arthritis), alemtuzumab, adalimumab (TNF-a antibody for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis) and efalizumab (anti-CDlla monoclonal antibody for the treatment of psoriasis)Rituximab is a mouse/human chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of various l)unphoid malignancies. As CE)20 antigen is found on the surface of... 

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