Monoclonal antibodies complexed with protein

In recent years, a number of chelate complexes of lanthanides have been proposed for use in other fields of medical diagnosis and therapy. The complexes of Gd3+ and some heavier lanthanides with the ligands used as MRI CAs are investigated as potential CAs in radiography [3]. The complexes formed with certain radioactive isotopes, e.g. 153Sm, are used in pain palliation therapy in patients with metastatic bone cancer [4,5], while the complexes of 90Y, attached to monoclonal antibodies or certain proteins, are proposed for use in the treatment of cancer [5-7]. 

Immunofluorescence staining permits detection of protein antigens in situ, in order to investigate the subcellular localization or cellular distribution within a tissue. The cells or tissue sections are fixed and incubated with the specific primary monoclonal antibody. The antigen-primaiy monoclonal antibody complex is bound by a second antibody conjugated to a fluorescent dye, such as rhodamine-p-isothiocyanate or fluorescein isothiocyanate, for detection by fluorescence microscopy. Immunofluorescence staining is described in more detail in Chapter 16. 

Cytokines. Figure 1 Inhibition of cytokine synthesis during activation of the specific immune system. The monoclonal antibodies Muromonab and Basiliximab are specific for the CD3 complex of the T-cell receptor, and for the IL-2 receptor on lymphocytes, respectively. Cyclosporin and Tacrolimus inhibit activation of cytoplasmic NF-AT, a transcription factor essential for activation of the IL-2 gene ( NFAT Family of Transcription Factors). Sirolimus interferes with mTOR signaling and inhibits IL-2 dependent proliferation. Red pharmaka, blue target proteins. 

Moll R, Franke WW, Vole Platzer B, Krepler R (1982b) Different keratin polypeptides in epider mis and other epithelia of human skin a specific cytokeratin of molecular weight 46,000 in epithelia of the pilosebaceous tract and basal cell epitheliomas. J Cell Biol 95(1) 285 295 Moll R, Krepler R, Franke WW (1983) Complex cytokeratin polypeptide patterns observed in certain human carcinomas. Differentiation 23(3) 256 269 Moll R, Dhouailly D, Sun TT (1989) Expression of keratin 5 as a distinctive feature of epithelial and biphasic mesotheliomas. An immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibody AE14. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 58(2) 129 145 Moll R, Schiller DL, Franke WW (1990) Identification of protein IT of the intestinal cytoskeleton as a novel type I cytokeratin with unusual properties and expression patterns. J Cell Biol 111(2) 567 580... 

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