Monitors/monitoring fugitive emissions

Through optimised maintenance and monitoring, fugitive emissions of VOC are reduced. Cross-media effects No cross-media effects. 

To obtain the benefits of this seal, it is necessary to install a gauge indicating the actual seal chamber pressure. Sensors and transmitters can be used to monitor and act on a pressure change. One of the two seals can fail without product loss or fugitive emissions. This seal would be connected to a pumping unit seen later in this chapter. 

Baghouses are preferred over venturi scrubbers for controlling particulate matter emissions from loading and pushing operations because of the higher removal efficiencies. ESPs are effective for final tar removal from coke oven gas. Stack air emissions should be monitored continuously for particulate matter. Alternatively, opacity measurements of stack gases can suffice. Fugitive emissions should be monitored annually for VOCs. 

Air emissions include point and nonpoint sources (Chapter 4). Point sources are emissions that exit stacks and flares and thus can be monitored and treated. Nonpoint sources are fugitive emissions that are difficult to locate and capture. Fugitive emissions occur throughout refineries and arise from the thousands of valves, pumps, tanks, pressure relief valves, flanges, and so on. Although individual leaks are typically small, the sum of all fugitive leaks at a refinery can be one of its largest emission sources. 

Fugitive emissions and fugitive dusts can be measured with a personal monitor or high-volume filter equipment when studying internal emission sources. Working methods and personal practices are, however, the most important factors that affect occupational lead exposure, and all personnel involved in lead operations must be trained adequately in lead abatement strategies and informed of the results of observations and monitoring, whether a cause for concern or not. 

While simple, the reduction of fugitive emissions is not inexpensive. In a case study involving ethylene oxide manufacturing, 1.5 million was spent over 2 years, with 55% spent on materials, 30% spent on labor, and 15% spent on a study of equipment leak rates. Just the labor involved in regular monitoring of the status of the thousands to tens of thousands of... 

Cost Effective Solvent Management, Cost Effective Reduction of Fugitive Solvent Emissions, Cost Effective Separation Technologies for Minimising Wastes and Effluents, Monitoring VOC Emissions Choosing the Best Option. 

Keywords VOCs, LDAR, fugitive emissions, leak rates, re-monitoring... 

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