Monitoring geographical distribution

The Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety is continuously conducting indoor radon surveys of dwellings. Already, the results from about 4500 houses are in our data register, and the number will be doubled this year. The present paper gives some new results of analyses of our data, an updated version of the previously published map of geographical distribution, and some of the principles of our monitoring strategy. 

We ended up with a station net containing 110 national monitoring stations in lakes, where some were reference stations and the rest were nominated as trend stations. The geographical distribution of the lakes is shown in Figure 2.1.6. 

The Geographic Distribution of the Potentially Impacted or Impactable Receptors Such as drinking water sources and groundwater-dependent ecosystems, to determine, along with the above data, appropriate locations for monitoring wells to aid their protection. 

While the geographic distribution of confirmed illness remains limited to eastern Canada, domoic acid-producing diatoms have been isolated on the east and west coast of the United States and Canada, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam [124], and therefore, monitoring programs are becoming increasingly more common in these areas [30,125-127]. 

FIGURE 43.1 Geographical distribution of countries with phycotoxin legislation and monitoring for toxic algae and/or shellfish. 

Figure 11.1 Italy Geographic distribution of the areas where honey bees have been used for environmental monitoring (ER = Emilia-Romagna region, F = Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, T = Tuscany region).

First, it was selected a number of sampling points representative of the chemical composition of aquifers, it also took into account criteria such as geographical distribution, flow and the existence of previous data of monitoring or control. 

Two different chemometric methods for the analysis of environmental monitoring data sets are presented for the investigation of pollution patterns distributed over particular geographical areas, times, and environmental compartments. 

This study provides EPA with human monitoring data to assess the level of exposure of the general population to various toxic substances. Statistical analyses of these data have primarily involved a description of the distribution of these chemicals in the population. Specifically, the proportion of specimens for which a particular residue level was quantified and the level of the chemical detected have been reported for various age, race, sex and geographical strata. 

Ten lined evaporation beds for disposing of pesticide wastes from used pesticide containers and application equipment were monitored over a two-year period for possible buildup and decay of deposited pesticides The evaporation beds had been In operation for many years prior to sampling and were distributed throughout the state with geographical and cllmatlcal differences. 

The major urinary metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, has been shown to be an appropriate marker for biological monitoring of dietary di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate intake (Loftus etal., 1993, 1994). A limited population study in the United Kingdom was undertaken to estimate the daily intake of di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate following intake of a mean dose of 5.4 mg di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate presented with food. The study involved the determination of the urinary metabolite, 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid (24-h mine sample) in 112 individuals from five geographical locations. A skewed distribution with a median value for the daily intake of 2.7 mg was determined (Loftus et al., 1994). This value is about one third of the indirectly estimated maximum intake of 8. 2 mg per day. The probability of a daily intake in excess of 8.2 mg in the limited population (112 individuals) was calculated to be 3% (Loftus etal, 1994). 

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