Molecular diffusion, nuclear magnetic interactions

The dynamic characteristics of adsorbed molecules can be determined in terms of temperature dependences of relaxation times [14-16] and by measurements of self-diffusion coefficients applying the pulsed-gradient spin-echo method [ 17-20]. Both methods enable one to estimate the mobility of molecules in adsorbent pores and the rotational mobility of separate molecular groups. The methods are based on the fact that the nuclear spin relaxation time of a molecule depends on the feasibility for adsorbed molecules to move in adsorbent pores. The lower the molecule s mobility, the more effective is the interaction between nuclear magnetic dipoles of adsorbed molecules and the shorter is the nuclear spin relaxation time. The results of measuring relaxation times at various temperatures may form the basis for calculations of activation characteristics of molecular motions of adsorbed molecules in an adsorption layer. These characteristics are of utmost importance for application of adsorbents as catalyst carriers. They determine the diffusion of reagent molecules towards the active sites of a catalyst and the rate of removal of reaction products. Sometimes the data on the temperature dependence of a diffusion coefficient allow one to ascertain subtle mechanisms of filling of micropores in activated carbons [17]. 

The diffusion properties of zeoUtes may be significantly influenced by their content of exchangeable cations. As an example, by both nuclear magnetic relaxation [1,143] and PEG NMR [145] measurements, the molecular mobility of aromatics in zeolite Na-X was found to be larger than in Na-Y. Since the adsorbate-adsorbent interaction of unsaturated hydrocarbons is dominated by the interaction between the n electrons of the double bonds and... 

Spectroscopic techniques, in general, are very well suited for investigation into molecular aspects such as local molecular arrangements, molecular dynamics, and molecular interactions. However, for many microemulsions, in particular those that simultaneously contain large amounts of water and oil, these aspects are rather uninteresting. Local molecular dynamics are determined by short-range interactions and are essentially independent of the self-assembly structure. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is, however, particular as a spectroscopic technique in that it can also provide information on other central matters such as phase behavior and microstructure. In particular, NMR self-diffusion and, to some... 

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