Molecular compound oxyacids

Molecular Addition. Oxyacid salts, metal peroxides, nitrogen compounds, and others from crystalline peroxyhydrates in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. When dissolved in water, the peroxyhydrates react as solutions of their components. The peroxyhydrates formed from sodium carbonate and urea are commercially available. Examples of peroxyhydrates can be found in the Hterature (29,30). 

Specific rules are used when naming binary molecular compounds, binary acids, and oxyacids. 

X-Ray line energies for a particular element often vary slightly with the chemical environment and the factors affecting these changes have been discussed by Leonhardt and Meisel< ° >. The best studied systems in this respect are molecular compounds of sulphur and chlorine, where reasonable agreement is obtained between observed and calculated Ka 2p — Is) shifts, relative to the elements, for various oxidation states in oxyacid anions. Metal salts of these elements do not seem to be much studied. It is not possible to probe... 

An acid is a distinct type of molecular compound. Most acids used in the laboratory can be classified as either binary acids or oxyacids. Binary acids are acids that consist of two elements, usually hydrogen and one of the halogens— fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine. Oxyacids are acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element (usually a nonmetal). 

Acids were first recognized as a specific class of compounds based on their properties in solutions of water. Consequently, in chemical nomenclature, the term acid usually refers to a solution in water of one of these special compounds rather than to the compound itself. For example, hydrochloric acid refers to a water solution of the molecular compound hydrogen chloride, HCl. Some common binary and oxyacids are listed in Figure 1.6. Figure 1.7 shows some common laboratory acids. 

Carbon is the basis of organic chemistry there are more compounds of carbon than of any other element except hydrogen and possibly fluorine. However, most of the chemistry of carbon is the province of organic chemistry and thus not covered in this encyclopedia. The inorganic chemistry of carbon discussed in this article, which is an update of an excellent article written previously by professor R. Bruce King (University of Georgia, Athens), includes the allotropic forms of elemental carbon, simple molecular carbon halides and oxides, carbon oxyacids and oxyanions, carbon snlfur derivatives, simple cyano derivatives, and carbon-based molecnlar ladders. 

---