Modelling of groundwater flow

Figure 5. Generalized model of groundwater flow when Milltown Reservoir is at full stage (A) and at low stage (B). (Modified from reference 12.)...

Huguet J. M. (2001) Testing and validation of numerical models of groundwater flow, solute transport and chemical reactions in fractured granites a quantitative study of the hydrogeological and hydrochemical impact produced. ENRESA Tech. Publ. 06/2001, 253pp. 

Perhaps more than studies at other scales, modeling of groundwater flow at the aquifer scale has revealed the utility of combining atmospheric-source radioisotope or stable tracers (e.g., atmospheric noble gases) with... 

Wei H. F., Ledoux E., and de Marsily G. (1990) Regional modeling of groundwater flow and salt and environmental tracer transport in deep aquifers in the Paris Basin. J. Hydrol. 120, 341-358. 

Petersen M. J. (2000) Modeling of groundwater flow and reactive transport in a landhll leachate plume. PhD Thesis, Department of Hydrodynamics and Hydraulic Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (ISVA Series Paper No. 73). 

Although water resource issues seemingly concern the movement of water only (flow problems versus transport problems), the chemical constituents in groundwater and their movement may actually help to delineate the flow system that hydraulic data alone fail to reveal. An important limitation for numerical modeling of groundwater flow in the saturated zone is the limited availability of hydraulic parameters and the... 

Vobomy O., Adank P., Hurlimann W., Vomvoris S. Mishra S. 1991. Grimsel Test Site. Modelling of groundwater flow in the rock body surrounding the underground laboratory. NAGRA, NTB 91-03. 

Hendricks Franssen, H.-J., Inverse Stochastic Modeling of Groundwater Flow and Mass Transport, Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Proquest Information and Leamging, Ann Harbor, 363 pp. 

Over the past two decades AECL has developed a three-dimensional code, MOTIF (Model Of Transport In Fractured/porous media), for detailed modelling of groundwater flow, heat transport, mechanical equilibrium and solute transport in a fractured rock mass. The initial development was completed in 1985 (Guvanasen 1985). Since then the code has undergone extensive updating, verification - comparison with known analytical or numerical solutions - and validation - comparison with experiments - (Chan et al. 2(XX)). In the latter document sixteen test cases were repotted to verify the code for groundwater flow, heat transfer and solute transport in fractured or porous rock. In this paper, additional verification and validation studies with an emphasis on thermo-hydromechanical (T-H-M) processes are presented. 

Development of a realistic conceptual model of groundwater flow beneath A u requires accurate... 

Two conceptual models of groundwater flow beneath A u have been simulated using PARADIGM. In the first case, the matrix model, pressure diffusion is within a 3D homogeneous matrix and the diffusion coefficient, D, is calibrated such that the peak pressure reaches 2 km depth after 4.5 months. This time delay matches the observed delay in peak seismicity for cluster a, which has the most events. The matrix mesh for the local scale model is that shown in Figure 4, without the fault plane. 

As it has been shown by the investigations, there are several sites within overall field area (340 -400 km") typified by the presence of concentrated heat sources developed in the foundation rocks which are the basement for the volcanogenic-sedimentary strata forming the field (Kiryukhin, 1996). The Middle site of the Paratoon field (2.4 -3.5 km) associated with the northern part of Paratoon hydrothermal system is one of the most perspective in the aspect of thermal waters numerical modeling of groundwater flow and heat exchange processes has been carried out with the orientation to its hydrogeologic conditions. 

NUMERICAL MODEL OF GROUNDWATER FLOW 3.1 Hydrogeological conceptual model... 

NIREX 1995. Post-closure performance assessment Modelling of groundwater flow and radionuclide transport. Nirex Science Report No. S/94/004. 

Such models are known as reactive transport models and are the subject of the next chapter (Chapter 21). We treat the preliminaries in this chapter, introducing the subjects of groundwater flow and mass transport, how flow and transport are described mathematically, and how transport can be modeled in a quantitative sense. We formalize our discussion for the most part in two dimensions, keeping in mind the equations we use can be simplified quickly to account for transport in one dimension, or generalized to three dimensions. 

Groundwater remediation is the often expensive process of restoring an aquifer after it has been contaminated, or at least limiting the ability of contaminants there to spread. In this chapter, we consider the widespread problem of the contamination of groundwater flows with heavy metals. We use reactive transport modeling to look at the reactions that occur as contaminated water enters a pristine aquifer, and those accompanying remediation efforts. 

Forster C, Smith L (1989) The influence of groundwater flow on thermal regimes in mountainous terrain a model study. J Geophys Res 94(B7) 9439-9451... 

Garven G. and Freeze R. A. (1984a) Theoretical analysis of the role of groundwater flow in the genesis of stratabound ore deposits 1. Mathematical and numerical model. Am. J. Sci. 284, 1085-1124. 

MODFLOW Groundwater MODFLOW is a three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater flow model. This model analyzes groundwater flow under various hydrologic conditions, including a combination of hydrgeologic layers and external stresses. 

Figure 1.9. Comparison of number of documents that cited the use of groundwater flow, solute transport, and geochemical models, (a) Data from the 1995 Records of Decision (RODs) CD-ROM (b) data were collected from the September 2000 Superfund Public Information CD-ROM. Source US EPA.

Some basic knowledge of the directions and rates of groundwater flow at a site is important for deciding the sample collection and model conceptualization. The direction of groundwater flow determines the sequence in which the water will contact different mineral assemblages in the aquifers. Knowledge of the flow path ensures that observed... 

However, our understanding of the groundwater flow patterns is often an iterative process. Chemicals and isotopes can be excellent indicators of the directions and rates of groundwater flow. One goal of geochemical modeling can be to help determine the directions and rates of groundwater flow. 

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