MLVs — multilamellar vesicle

Suv, small unilamellare vesicles luv, large unilamellare vesicles mlv, multilamellare vesicles mvv, multivesiculare vesicles (Fig. 4 from [1.34]). 

Fig. 5. Types of liposomes SUV, small unilamellar vesicle LUV, large unilamellar vesicle MLV, multilamellar vesicle MW, multivesicular vesicle...

Figure 181. Effect of membrane components on the leakage of 5-fluorouracil from liposomes during storage at 4°C. O, LW (PC/PS/CH 7 4 5) A, LUV (MC/PS/CH 7 4 5) O, MLV (PC/PS/CH 7 4 5). LW, Large unilamellar vesicle, PC, l,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine monohydrate, PS, dipalmitoyl-DL-C phosphatidyl-L-serine, CH, cholesterol, MC, l,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine monohydrate, MLV, multilamellar vesicle. (Reproduced from Ref. 717 with permission.)...

Abbreviations SUV, Unilamellar vesicles LUV, Large unilamellar vesicles MLV, Multilamellar vesicles. 

Figure 2. Left Schematic drawing of a unilamellar bilayer vesicle. Right Sketches of vesicles and liposomes of different size. The following abbreviations are commonly used MLV multilamellar vesicles, LUV large unilamellar vesicles, lUV intermediate unilamellar vesicles, SUV small unilamellar vesicles.

In water, a particle of lecithin exhibits myelin growth, ie, cylindrical sheets that are formed by bdayers and are separated by water which may break up into liposomes (vesicles with a single bilayer of Hpid enclosing an aqueous space). PhosphoHpids more generally form multilamellar vesicles (MLV) (5). These usually are converted to unilamellar vesicles (ULV) upon treatment, eg, sonication. Like other antipolar, surface-active agents, the phosphoHpids are... 

Liposomes are formed due to the amphiphilic character of lipids which assemble into bilayers by the force of hydrophobic interaction. Similar assemblies of lipids form microspheres when neutral lipids, such as triglycerides, are dispersed with phospholipids. Liposomes are conventionally classified into three groups by their morphology, i.e., multilamellar vesicle (MLV), small unilamellar vesicle (SUV), and large unilamellar vesicle (LUV). This classification of liposomes is useful when liposomes are used as models for biomembranes. However, when liposomes are used as capsules for drugs, size and homogeneity of the liposomes are more important than the number of lamellars in a liposome. Therefore, "sized" liposomes are preferred. These are prepared by extrusion through a polycarbonate... 

Liposomes have been, and continue to be, of considerable interest in drug-delivery systems. A schematic diagram of their production is shown in Fig. 10. Liposomes are normally composed of phospholipids that spontaneously form multilamellar, concentric, bilayer vesicles, with layers of aqueous media separating the lipid layers. These systems, commonly referred to as multilamellar vesicles (MLVs), have diameters in the range of 15 pm. Sonication of MLVs... 

Figure 10.11 Liposome structures, including multilamellar vesicles (MLV) and large unilamellar...

Liposomes consist of many phospholipid bilayers of only few, or just one bilayer (Fig. 5). Therefore multilamellar vesicles (MLV), oligolamellar vesicles (OLV), small unilamellar (SUV), and large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) have to be distinguished. Furthermore, multivesicular liposomes (MVL) may be formed. 

Liposome-encapsulated immunomodulators are currently under investigation in different patient groups although this development has certainly not advanced as far as that with the liposomal anthracyclines. MLV-MTP-PE (multilamellar vesicles-muramyl tripeptide-phos-phatidylethanolamine) was studied in several clinical trials in osteosarcoma patients who developed pulmonary metastases during adjuvant chemotherapy [108], The intravenous administration of MLV-MTP-PE induced tumouricidal properties in monocytes as well as increase in serum IL-1 shortly after intravenous infusion. Furthermore elevations in C-reactive protein, 32-microglobulin and ceruloplasmin were frequently observed. Even higher anti-tumour activity was observed in combination with ifosfamide. These preliminary results suggests that liposome-encapsulated immunomodulators in combination with chemotherapy may be an appropriate treatment for recurrent disease. 

MLV-MTP-PE multilamellar vesicles-muramyl tripeptide-phosphatidyletha-nolamine... 

Figure 9.21 Various types of vesicles/liposomes, the so-called small unilamellar vesicles, SUV the large unilamellar vesicles, LUV the multilamellar vesicles, MLV...

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