Mixture with Oxygen

M.-O. Sturtzer, N. Lamoureux, C. Matignon, D. Desbordes et H.-N. Presles, On the origin of the double cellular structure of the detonation in gaseous nitromethane and its mixtures with oxygen. Shock Waves, 14(1-2), 45-51, 2005. 

A mixture of acetaldehyde/air of a concentration of 30-60% combusts when it is in contact with substances that are heated at 176°C. The mixture with oxygen of concentration of 60-80% combusts at 105°C. If the object is metallic and furthermore corroded, the ignition can become spontaneous even at ambient temperature. The same goes for corroded aluminium pipes where the AIT reaches 130°C, if vapour concentration is 55-57%. The AIT is also sensitive to the size and shape of the containers that contain acetaldehyde vapour. 

The lower limit for spontaneous ignition of mixtures with oxygen has been studied. 

Nitrogen combines with oxygen at elevated temperatures, or when an electric spark is passed through its mixture with oxygen, nitrogen oxides are formed ... 

Williams, "A Shock-Tube Investigation of the Ignition of Lean Methane and n-Butane Mixtures with Oxygen," 12thSympCombstn (1969), pp 579-90 34) C.G. Dunkle, pri-... 

L. Cailletet11 first observed the liquefaction of nitrogen. When the dried and purified gas was compressed at 200 atm. press., and 13° to 29°, and suddenly expanded, he observed the formation of a mist which oondensed to small drops and which disappeared in about 3 seconds. This observation was confirmed by M. Berthelot H. Erdmann also made observations on this subject. Later on, S. von Wroblewsky and K. Olschewsky cooled the gas, under 150 atm. press., to —136° by liquid ethylene and on expanding the gas slowly, liquefaction occurred. The liquid persisted but a few seconds. K. Olschewsky improved the process. J. P. Kuenen, and J. H. Simons studied the liquefaction of mixtures with oxygen. 

In a new process proposed by Kellogg the oxidation of HCI makes use of nitrosyl-sulfuric acid (HNSOs) at 4 bar and 260-320 °C [9], The amount of byproducts diminishes drastically raising the overall yield over 98%. The gaseous emissions are reduced practically to zero. Chlorinated waste from other processes may be incinerated to HCI, and in this way recycled to the manufacturing of VCM. The process is safer because the contact of hydrocarbon mixtures with oxygen is eliminated. A capital cost reduction of 15% may be estimated compared with the oxy-chlorination process. 

CA 44,2346-7(1950)(Oxidation reactions of acetaldehyde and explosion of AcH mixtures with oxygen c)P.Gray A.D.Yoffe,... 

Because formaldehyde synthesis is exothermic, the reactor requires a coolant to remove the excess enthalpy of reaction. Thermodynamically, we should run the reaction at as low a temperature as possible to increase conversion, but at low temperatures, however, the rate of reaction decreases. At high reaction ten era-tures unwanted side reactions occur. Commercially, the reaction occurs fi om 600 °C (1110 °F) to 650 C (1200 °F), which results in a methanol conversion of 77 to 87 % when using a silver catalyst [24]. Because formaldehyde and methanol can form flammable mixtures with oxygen, we should carry out the reaction with mixture compositions outside of its flammability range. The oxygen used is less than the stoichiometric amount. 

Caution. Silane is a flammable gas, its mixtures with oxygen are explosive, arid it often spontaneously violently inflames in air. It must he handled with greai care in a vacuum line. Of course, the same precautions apply to silane-di. 

Ethylene is a colorless gas that burns with a smoky flame. It boils at—103° (750 m.m.) and is liquefied at —1.1° at 42 atmospheres pressure. When heated it decomposes and polymerizes yielding various products, e.g., CH4, C2H6, CeHe, etc. It is commonly known as olefiant gas and is obtained when numerous organic substances, are heated. It forms explosive mixtures with oxygen. 

Ozone, O3 (0 = 0-0 ), a blue gas or a dark blue liquid (bp -106, -116, or -125 °C, depending on the source of data), is used in a mixture with oxygen. Such mixtures are commercially available but are usually prepared in the laboratories. For microscale ozonization that is suitable for handling 0.01-0.1 mL of solutions, a microozonizer is assembled by using an electrical vacuum tester as a source of high-voltage electricity [77]. 

A mixture with oxygen explodes when sparked. The molecule is linear, but the structure... 

Practical applications have been found for most of these compounds witli some exceptions such as liquid ozone as it is considered to be too dilficuh to handle, the only probable form of ozone safe enough is its mixture with oxygen (Vol m.p. 309). 

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